Urban Legend Needles Hidden Under Gas Pump Handles

A viral alert warns that evildoers are exposing innocent victims to the AIDS virus by attaching HIV-contaminated needles to gas pump handles. This is a long-discredited hoax that has been circulating since 2000 but continues to crop up years and even decades later. The samples of the hoax postings are included for your comparison. If you receive a similar warning via email or social media, you can safely ignore it. Its best not to continue circulating this hoax. Description: Internet hoax via email and social mediaCirculating since: June 2000Status: False Example Email contributed by R. Anderson, June 13, 2000: Please read and forward to anyone you know who drives. My name is Captain Abraham Sands of the Jacksonville, Florida Police Department. I have been asked by state and local authorities to write this email in order to get the word out to car drivers of a very dangerous prank that is occurring in numerous states. Some person or persons have been affixing hypodermic needles to the underside of gas pump handles. These needles appear to be infected with HIV positive blood. In the Jacksonville area alone there have been 17 cases of people being stuck by these needles over the past five months. We have verified reports of at least 12 others in various states around the country. It is believed that these may be copycat incidents due to someone reading about the crimes or seeing them reported on the television. At this point no one has been arrested and catching the perpetrator(s) has become our top priority. Shockingly, of the 17 people who where stuck, eight have tested HIV positive and because of the nature of the disease, the others could test positive in a couple years. Evidently the consumers go to fill their car with gas, and when picking up the pump handle get stuck with the infected needle. IT IS IMPERATIVE TO CAREFULLY CHECK THE HANDLE of the gas pump each time you use one. LOOK AT EVERY SURFACE YOUR HAND MAY TOUCH, INCLUDING UNDER THE HANDLE. If you do find a needle affixed to one, immediately contact your local police department so they can collect the evidence. ********* PLEASE HELP US BY MAINTAINING A VIGILANCE AND BY FORWARDING THIS EMAIL TO ANYONE YOU KNOW WHO DRIVES. THE MORE PEOPLE WHO KNOW OF THIS THE BETTER PROTECTED WE CAN ALL BE. ********** Social Media Posting As posted on Facebook, Jan. 26, 2013: HIV/AIDS Needles hidden under gas pumps In Florida and other places on the East Coast a group of people are putting HIV/AIDS infected and filled needles underneath gas pump handles so when someone reaches to pick it up and put gas in their car, they get stabbed with it. 16 people have been a victim of this crime so far and 10 tested HIC positive. Instead of posting that stupid crap about how your love life will suck for years to come of you dont re-post, post this. Its important to inform people, even if you dont drive, a family member might, and what if they were next? CHECK UNDER THE HANDLE BEFORE YOU GRAB IT!!! IT MIGHT SAVE YOUR LIFE! Analysis of Viral Warnings On June 20, 2000, mere days after the overwrought warning above first slammed inboxes across the Internet, the Jacksonville Sheriffs Department issued a press release declaring it a hoax. The Jacksonville Sheriffs Office has had no reports of such incidents and there is no Capt. Abraham Sands at the JSO, the statement said. Nor had any such incidents been reported elsewhere in the United States. Moreover, according to the CDC, there are no documented cases of HIV being transmitted via needle-sticks in non-health care settings, ever. The viral warning was, and is, entirely fictitious. It did add an interesting new wrinkle to the HIV needle-stick rumors already circulating online in various forms since 1997. Previous variants warned of tainted syringes planted in movie theater seats and pay phone coin slots, not to mention random stealth prickings (for lack of a better phrase) in nightclubs and other crowded public places. Copycat Pranks All these variants have been investigated and deemed false by authorities with the sole exception of a spate of apparent copycat pranks that occurred around the beginning of 1999 in western Virginia. According to police there, actual hypodermic needles were found in the coin slots of public phones and bank night deposit slots in a couple of small towns in the area. None were found to be contaminated with HIV or any other biological agent. Presumably, the pranksters were imitating rumors that had already been circulating online for months. Groundless though it may be, the conviction that unknown assailants are intentionally spreading AIDS by hiding contaminated needles in public places remains popular, especially on the email forwarding circuit. One reason is that these tales and other urban legends like them provide an outlet for unspoken fears—of strangers, of the motives of some of the more marginal members of society, of AIDS itself. Theyre cautionary tales, albeit ones that dont really function as such—not literally, at any rate—in that they fail to address the primary way HIV is actually transmitted: unsafe sex. Personal Risk By virtue of the fact that each of these fictitious scenarios depicts the transmission of HIV via acts of penetration, each works as a metaphor for sex. Consider the claim that one risks exposure to HIV simply by inserting ones finger into the coin slot of a public phone. The imagery isnt pretty, but its apt. Now were being warned to be careful when pumping gas, to take all due precautions before sliding the nozzle into the tank. Sound advice? Metaphorically speaking, yes! CDC Statement This statement appeared on the CDC.gov site in 2010. Have people been infected with HIV from being stuck by needles in non-health care settings? No. While it is possible to get infected with HIV if you are stuck with a needle that is contaminated with HIV, there are no documented cases of transmission outside of a health-care setting. CDC has received inquiries about used needles left by HIV-infected injection drug users in coin return slots of pay phones, the underside of gas pump handles, and on movie theater seats. Some reports have falsely indicated that CDC confirmed the presence of HIV in the needles. CDC has not tested such needles nor has CDC confirmed the presence or absence of HIV in any sample related to these rumors. The majority of these reports and warnings appear to be rumors/myths. Sources CDC. HIV Transmission: Questions Answers. Centers for Disease Control. 25 Mar. 2010.Chapin, Veronica. â€Å"Calls About Email Hoax Flood Sheriffs Office.† Florida Times-Union.McKenzie, Aline. HIV Hoax Pumps Up the Fear of Infection. Dallas Morning News, 26 May 2001.Sun Media. Infected Needles Tale a Hoax. London Free Press, 22 Mar. 2007.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Essay - 1276 Words

As of 2013, one sixth of the entire country was enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Through this program, 47 million Americans are given federal financial aid to purchase fresh groceries (Plumer). One of the highly debated provisions of the SNAP program is what participants should be allowed to use their food stamps for. As of right now, food stamps can only be used to purchase food that can be cooked or eaten at home, preventing families from spending the federal aid at restaurants (USDA). Recently, the fast food corporation YUM!, which owns Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut, has lobbied to change this restriction (USA Today). Should people benefitting from the SNAP program have the right to spend their money on†¦show more content†¦If food stamps are designed to feed the hungry then does it really make sense to deny them access to certain foods? I understand Gourdine’s point; that it seems counterproductive for the government to fund the pu rchasing of foods that are known to cause health complications. However the purpose of the SNAP program is not to promote a healthier country. According to the Food Stamp Act of 1977 created by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the intention of the SNAP program is â€Å"to alleviate hunger and malnutrition †¦ by increasing food purchasing power for all eligible households who apply for participation† (FRAC). Therefore, widespread access to food should be the primary concern, not increased healthcare costs or nutritional value. The hope in forcing food stamp recipients to buy only fresh food is that they will venture to the grocery store and engage in healthier eating habits. Having said that, there are very few restrictions regarding what you can use SNAP benefits once when you get to the grocery store. The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 definesShow MoreRelatedThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program1387 Words   |  6 Pagesmay have the poorest h ealth of any aggregate in the United States and the least access to affordable healthcare (Nies, 2011). In Indiana, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides food assistance to low and no income people and families living in the United States (U.S.). It is a federal aid program administered by the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), however, distribution of benefits occurs at the state level. In Indiana, the Family andRead MoreThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Essay2344 Words   |  10 PagesThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, otherwise known as SNAP, originates from the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933. It was established in the Great Depression era as the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation when crop prices fell drastically and farms were struggling to deal with the excess supply. The Federal government bought the surplus as discounted prices and distributed them to hunger relief agencies. In 1939 as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program, the FoodRead MoreThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, is a policy that was created to provide aid to many low-income families and individuals by offering nutritional assistance. The main social problem this policy intends to address is hunger caused by poverty. Poor nutrition is a major problem that cripples low-income families and is one of the biggest causes of death today in young children. Poverty and hunger have a mutual relationship because those who often lack the resources orRead MoreThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pages1 The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has become an immense support for food insecurity, particularly in low-income families in our country. The SNAP program has been initiated to reduce hunger during economic crisis and has become crucial in helping its participants to meet their dietary needs (Blumenthal, 2012 pg.50). However, there is a main concern is that SNAP participants are also at risk for developing obesity and other chronic disease. The SNAP program finds that theRead MoreThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program2412 Words   |  10 PagesPurpose of Program In regards to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the purpose of the organization could be described as insuring that eligible, low-income individuals and families have access to nutritional and economic benefits. According to the United Stated Department of Agriculture, SNAP is the largest program in the domestic hunger safety net (USDA, 2016). The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) assists state agencies, nutrition educators, neighborhood, and faith-based organizationsRead MoreSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( Snap )1969 Words   |  8 PagesSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Issues dealt with by the policy The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a program developed and administered by the United States Department Agriculture; to support families and individuals with low income by providing nutrition assistance in coordination with State agencies and other organizations such as State agencies, faith based organizations and educators. In addition, SNAP provides a variety of parallel benefits to society regardingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program734 Words   |  3 PagesBackground The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is one of the largest federal expenditures in North Carolina. The North Carolina General Assembly has charged the State Auditor with including but not limited to independently examining: operating and administrative procedures and practices; whether programs and activities are expending funds in a faithful, efficient, and economical manner in compliance with applicable laws and regulations; whether activities or programs are effectivelyRead MoreSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( Snap )1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe importance of food assistance initiative continue to become popular among million of American citizens, across the country (Plumer, 2013). This paper will focus on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) popularly known as Food Stamps as one of the most important food assistance program in the Country. Statistics/Current Situation According to the recent statistics by United States Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition, the country’s Food Stamps Program (FSP) experienced varyingRead MoreSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( Snap )2351 Words   |  10 Pages Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Introduction The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, was introduced in 1939 to alleviate poverty and hunger in the United States. The main purpose of the program is to help people with low-income to afford nutritious diet by elevating their purchasing power (Cuunyngham et al., 2006). In 1943, when the economic situation stabilized the subsidies were stopped. However, the Senate kept on discussing theRead MoreAnalysis Of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program885 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is regulated and funded by policies made by our elected officials. The authors at the Food Research Action Center complied the percentages of participants in the SNAP program by state and compared that to the national average. Maine households participating in SNAP is 15% and nationally it is 13% of the population.1 Focusing on our home state, Maine has 104,115 households and 199,689 individu als with SNAP.2 Working in a state with

Information Technology IT Has Expandedâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: How To The Information Technology IT Has Expanded? Answer: Introduction Information Technology (IT) has expanded and is being used at such a massive scale that its absence from the business operations and organizations can no longer be imagined. Also, it has become the need to innovate and develop new services and applications so that customer expectations are met. One of the industries in which IT has a great role to play is the healthcare sector. The application and need of IT in Tunstall healthcare has been carried out to understand the role of IT in business (Tunstallhealthcare, 2017). Need of IT Tunstall Healthcare is an Australian based organization that is a leading provider of healthcare solutions to the customers. There are millions of people and end users that are associated with Tunstall along with its partners and staff members. It is required for Tunstall to manage its healthcare services and solutions with the use of IT in its architecture. It will allow the organization to achieve its objectives in a better way. Importance of IT Tunstall provides the healthcare solutions to the patients in various health conditions such as chronic diseases, dementia, epilepsy and many more. Remote health monitoring and services is a necessity so that the people that reside in the remote areas and do not have access to the medical centres may also avail the health services provided by Tunstall. Also, tele-health monitoring will allow Tunstall to achieve its business objective of providing best in-class healthcare services to the customers (Sawa, 2011). Requirements of IT for Tunstall In order to reach out to the maximum number of users and the ones that are staying in the rural areas, it will be necessary to develop a tele-health monitoring system that shall allow the users to keep a track of their health at all times (Chae, 2012). IT will play an important role in this case as the system will be designed using the basic components of IT such as software, hardware, networks, information management systems etc. These components will enable the resources to come up with a required system for Tunstall (Lee, 2016). Usage of IT in Tunstall The tele-health monitoring system that will be designed for Tunstall shall be capable of accomplishing the following. Patients shall be allowed to login to the tele-health monitoring system to view them health details and medical reports (Dimitrov, 2016). Patients shall be allowed to feed their medical data. Medical and clinical staff members shall be able to view the data that is fed by the patients and shall be able to analyze it. Clinical and medical staff shall be able to upload the medical reports through the system. Information shall be efficiently managed by the system in terms of its addition, deletion, modification and storage along with other data operations (Park, 2011). Reports that are present on the system shall get downloaded as per the desired format. There are also certain aspects in terms of system qualities that must be included in the tele-health monitoring system. Tele-health monitoring system shall have a key quality as system performance. This is the quality that will allow the users to have a good experience with the system as the response given by the system will be quick. System usability will also be a desirable and mandatory property that shall be included in the teal-health monitoring system. It will allow the system to be designed in accordance with the specifications that are provided (Ng, Sim and Tan, 2006). Tele-health monitoring system shall have a key quality as system reliability. This is the quality that will allow the users to view and gain valid and verified information from the system System agility will also be a desirable and mandatory property that shall be included in the teal-health monitoring system. It will make the system flexible and adaptable to all the possible scenarios that may occur. Tele-health monitoring system shall have a key quality as system availability. This is the quality that will allow the users to access their health data and details at any time (Al Ameen, Liu and Kwak, 2010). System maintainability will also be a desirable and mandatory property that shall be included in the teal-health monitoring system. It will allow the system to be upgraded or modified easily. Tele-health monitoring system shall have a key quality as system security. This is the quality that will allow the users to be assured that their private and sensitive health information is always protected. Benefits Advantages of IT Tunstall will have several advantages and benefits with the use of IT in its architecture. Health conditions of Australia will improve as Tunstall is the prime provider of healthcare solutions and will be able to reach more number of people with the use of IT. Objectives that are determined along with the goals and aims will be achieved rapidly and accurately. The patients along with the staff members associated with Tunstall will be able to have richer and better experience. Information will be managed effectively and there will be lesser chances of its loss or displacements. Posisble Risks Health information stored in the tele-health systems and the automated information systems may be breached and accessed by the attackers. Tracking of the patterns that are used by the staff members or the patients may be done. Attacks related to the network and the information passing on through the network may take place. Integrity Attacks Tunstall is an organization that deals with the health information of the patients and the health information is considered to be sensitive and critical in nature. Any damages to this information results in a lot of damage to the users and the organization and the impact on the integrity can have devastating impacts. The same may occur by execution of message alterations by the malevolent entities which will involve use of practices by which either the content or the structure will be modified (M.M. El-Emary, Q. Husain and A. Alyoubi, 2012). Tunstall is an organization that deals with the health information of the patients and the health information is considered to be sensitive and critical in nature. Any damages to this information results in a lot of damage to the users and the organization and the impact on the integrity can have devastating impacts. The same may occur by execution of media alterations by the malevolent entities which will involve use of practices by which either the content or the structure will be modified. Attacks on Availability Deterioration of the quality of tele-health monitoring system and other information systems will impact the availability which is the key quality to be included. There may also be denial attacks that may be executed to hamper the availability of the systems (Jadhav, 2017). IT Maintenance IT Monitoring IT may act as a boon to the organizations such as Tunstall only when there is adequate maintenance and monitoring of the components that are associated with it. Maintenance of IT is referred to the post-deployment activities that include tracking and upgrades. Tele-health monitoring and other information systems will be developed as per the latest available technology. However, the technology that is latest in the present times is sure to get obsolete after a certain period of time. It will therefore be required to maintain the IT components by regularly upgrading them. It will also assist in the avoidance of the security risks and attacks that may otherwise occur. Monitoring of IT is another practice that will be required to be carried out. It will comprise of two components as validation and verification. Verification is a form of monitoring that shall include evaluations, reviews, inspections and audits at regular intervals. These techniques will make sure that any of the attempts to violate the security is got hold of and treated with immediate effect. These shall be primarily carried out by the administration and management of Tunstall to make sure that there are system and network audits along with reviews and inspection executed. There will also be a number of validation processes that will be needed to be carried out. These processes will include the application of technical control and testing techniques so that the risks to the security are avoided. One of the greatest inventions of IT is the automated tools that are designed to automatically execute a particular task or an activity. In case of Tunstall, there are several risks that may occur in terms of denial attacks, malware attacks etc. These risks will be prevented with the installation of automated tools such as anti-attack tools designed for preventing the attacks of any form of a malware or denial attempt. Identity management is also one of the significant technical steps that shall be taken which shall include the validation of the user identity through authentication and access control measures. The primary aim of the validation techniques will be to keep the information protected in all the scenarios. This aim will be realized only when the information will be encrypted in all the locations so that the attackers do not succeed in acquiring it. There are various testing techniques that shall also be carried out to validate the IT systems aspects and the defects that may be present in them. Conclusion IT is a necessity of the modern day systems and organizations. Healthcare industry is one of the most significant and huge industries that has several organizations that are working under it. One such organization is Tunstall that is based out of Australia and provides healthcare solutions to the users. There are millions of people and end users that are associated with Tunstall along with its partners and staff members. It is required for Tunstall to manage its healthcare services and solutions with the use of IT in its architecture. IT will play an important role in this case as the system will be designed using the basic components of IT such as software, hardware, networks, information management systems etc. These components will enable the resources to come up with a required system for Tunstall. References Al Ameen, M., Liu, J. and Kwak, K. (2010). Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare Applications. Journal of Medical Systems, 36(1), pp.93-101. Chae, Y. (2012). Management Issues in Healthcare Information Technology. Healthcare Informatics Research, 18(2), p.85. Dimitrov, D. (2016). Medical Internet of Things and Big Data in Healthcare. Healthcare Informatics Research, 22(3), p.156. Jadhav, R. (2017). Security Issues and Solutions in Wireless Sensor Networks. International Journal of Computer Applications, 162(2), pp.14-19. Lee, J. (2016). Future of the Smartphone for Patients and Healthcare Providers. Healthcare Informatics Research, 22(1), p.1. M.M. El-Emary, I., Q. Husain, K. and A. Alyoubi, B. (2012). Security issues of wireless sensor networks in various applications. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(6), pp.317-328. Ng, H., Sim, M. and Tan, C. (2006). Security issues of wireless sensor networks in healthcare applications. BT Technology Journal, 24(2), pp.138-144. Park, H. (2011). Pervasive Healthcare Computing: EMR/EHR, Wireless and Health Monitoring. Healthcare Informatics Research, 17(1), p.89. Sawa, T. (2011). Leveraging Devices, Data and Discovery for Smarter Healthcare in Japan. Healthcare Informatics Research, 17(3), p.184. Tunstallhealthcare (2017). Tunstall Healthcare. [online] Tunstallhealthcare.com.au. Available at: https://www.tunstallhealthcare.com.au/ [Accessed 18 May 2017].

Nursing and Philosophy

Positivism has been used in nursing for a long time even though it has some shortcomings. It may have been important during Hempel’s time because there were no better alternatives then. Old methods of treatment have been practiced for quite some time in nursing perhaps because of overdependence in old times views; a case which may not be applicable today. In pathology where specialists use statistics to make an informed decision, the life of a patient may be compromised because of mere numbers which might not be consistent with reality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a developed world, there are new and better ways of doing things. As a result, people should embrace new ideas and improve the old ones. If more noninvasive devices are supported by the majority to be used on postoperative cardiac patients, then people should completely forget about t hose that are phasing out because they become irrelevant. Hempel regards some subjective complains from patients with psychiatric disorder as cognitively meaningless. This is because the information cannot be analyzed or verified hence their classification cannot be done properly. Wrong judgment can easily be made or some facts about the patient can be omitted when this happens. Therefore, questions of how positivism will handle this are not clearly answered thus making it even more complicated. Positivism is at times good because it can woks as a backup tool. Nurses should, however, not limit themselves to this because it may compromise the life of a patient. It may seem as though the numbers are more important than the patience in question. The situation in ICU is a relevant example; if more focus in placed on the machines then this means no one gets credible training. Maybe some hidden information can be got by merely taking keen interest on the patient. Discussion 2 Time changes , so must people. It is true that science has transformed and become different from what it was. On the contrary, people still use the same old methods. Kuhn, after his discovery, advices people to try and find out how the scientists come up with the various theories instead of merely following them blindly. People’s views may be different and hence there will be room for challenging those ideas and practices or even making improvement where necessary because ideas evolve. Holding fast to a theory without accepting the reality on the ground can make man slaves. It, therefore, needs some level of faith because people are bound to the old paradigms and as a result they become so rigid to change. Looking at a scientist as a problem solver makes us believe in the methods they use. It makes it even hard to be innovative because we are bound to old beliefs. Kuhn viewed the scientist as puzzle solver and did not look at his way of defining criterion as a methodology. It is true that problems are there to test people’s individual ability. This is an indication that everyone can try and find solutions instead of simply leaving it to some known scholars.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kuhn’s revolution can be adopted in nursing science because it provides room for thinking and coming up with new ideas. It was as a result of this thought that George Bananno came out clearly to criticize Elizabeth Kubler Ross’s view on the manner in which those who suffer from losses grieve. Kuhn’s revolution also brought a difference in the way people did things. The methodology of research changed so nurses can today think of better ways of evaluating grief responses. There is, therefore, no need to classify patients without grief as pathological cases. This idea can be better than positivist approach. Discussion 3 Kuhn explains the role of other disciplines in evolution of science and challenges the positivist and empiricist. Unless one understands these disciplines and how they are related to science, it becomes difficult to solve scientific problems and instead focus on puzzle solving. This, however, cannot be achieved when people still hold first to the old views. Rationality is important in decision making but people should have no rational attachment to the working environment because it has an influence in the way they view science hence they cannot embrace its evolution. Bringing a new idea especially in a field that people had already set standards was not easy for Kuhn. His predecessors never shared the same views. Questions regarding history as a discipline and how it affected science could not arise because Kuhn was right about the past and its implication in the present and the future. Some of the diseases, for instance, used to occur more frequently in some seasons and the same pattern may follow today. Histor y, therefore, becomes important in analyzing the information already at the disposal of researchers. Other factors such as psychology of a patient contribute more to his/her information. Conclusion People should not, therefore, always agree with scientists who created structures, hierarchies and models which are not conducive to the 21st century. They should try and articulate these facts with their own opinions. Thanks to Kuhn, a new era has come.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing and Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Nursing and Philosophy was written and submitted by user Enzo Cote to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

AdBlue Fluid and Cleaner Diesel Emissions

AdBlue Fluid and Cleaner Diesel Emissions AdBlue is the German brand name for a clear, non-toxic- though slightly corrosive to some metals- aqueous urea solution used to treat exhaust on  modern clean diesel engines. The generic name for a chemically equivalent solution used in the non-European market (predominantly North America) is Diesel Emissions Fluid (DEF). The primary use of AdBlue and similar DEFs is to be used in conjunction with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) converter to control oxides of nitrogen (NOx) diesel emissions. On average, NOx emissions are reduced by approximately 80 percent because of this process. How DEFs Work The AdBlue solution is comprised of 32.5 percent high purity urea diluted in distilled water and carried onboard the diesel vehicle in a special independent tank. Under the direction of the onboard computer and a NOx sensor, the fluid is pumped into the exhaust stream at the rate of 2 to 4 ounces to a gallon of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) consumed. There, in the hot exhaust stack, the urea solution is converted into ammonia (NH3) which reacts with NOx in the exhaust. The resulting chemical breakdown  and re-bonding of the constituent elements of each reactant produce plain nitrogen and water vapor instead of harmful oxides of nitrogen.   Standardized as Aqueous Urea Solution (AU) 32, the AdBlue solution is trademarked to German company the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA), but there  is a variety of other DEFs available on the American market including BlueTec by German automotive corporation Daimler AG and the Canadian version H2Blu. How and Where Is AdBlue Replenished? Refilling the AdBlue tank is  not a do-it-yourself task. Although it is possible to purchase the solution at the retail level, it is generally available only through a dealership or service shop. The systems are designed with a capacity of several gallons (seven to ten) which translates into several thousands of miles. Under normal vehicle operating conditions, the DEF tank needs to be refilled only during regularly scheduled maintenance. However, as of 2013, trucks and diesel engine cars have been created to allow users to refill their own DEF tanks. As a result, a number of truck stops and gas stations have begun offering a DEF pump next to the diesel fuel pump. You may even purchase small quantities- or order large containers for commercial use- to keep at home. Although safe to handle and non-toxic, AdBlue can eat through some metals. It is recommended that DEFs be stored at cool temperatures away from direct sunlight and moisture in a well-ventilated area. According to a Cummins Filtration report on the standard, AdBlue freezes at 12 degrees Fahrenheit, but the process of freezing and thawing does not degrade the product as the water in the urea  solution will freeze and thaw as the fluid does.

When Is the Next SAT Test Date

When Is the Next SAT Test Date SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Here's a guide on when the next SATtest is happening and deadlines for signing up. At this moment, the next SATtest date is October 1, 2016. If you're prepping for the test, maximize your score withour top 5 SATprep strategies. Thenext SATregistration deadline is September 2, 2016. The late deadline, with extra fees, is September20, 2016. Make sure you know how to sign up for the SAT and how much it costs. Scores for the next SATtest will be released October 20,2016. Do you know what a good SAT score is? Make sure you know how high you really need to score. For college applications, it's important to get a great SAT score. Here are our best SAT strategy guides to get you on track to improving your SAT score. How to get a perfect SAT score, by a 2400 scorer Perfect score guides for SAT Reading, SAT Math, and SAT Writing Learn our complete set of SAT grammar rules Make sure you know the best way to study SAT Vocab Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Will more gun law lead to less gun violence Research Paper

Will more gun law lead to less gun violence - Research Paper Example A lower percentage of people consider protecting the legal right to own a gun as opposed to protecting people from gun associated violence. Anti-gun-control opinions are that if more states amended compulsory laws for criminals who commit crimes using guns, violence will be unaffected since such laws have been in existence but have failed to cut down crime. More laws on handguns have not had any significant effect on murder levels due to the high rate of handguns already in circulation before the laws took effect. Laws that seek to reduce guns in criminals hands might fail to reduce violence because active criminals can steal them or they can buy from the black market (Lott 34). As difficult as it may be to accept, the truth is that it is not very possible to stop a shooter no matter the number of guns present. The only way to stop or lessen gun violence is to prevent the offender from acquiring the guns first. It is not convincing to argue that guns save life, as some people will say, since with 300 million guns already circulating, no solution has been evidenced but laws discouraging acquisition of more guns may be a logical

Use of Expert Witness in Court Procedings and Trial Research Paper

Use of Expert Witness in Court Procedings and Trial - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that experts have become a fixture of the American legal system. Expert testimony is a de jure requirement for some types of lawsuits and a de facto requirement for others. It is widely thought that the use of experts in American courts has increased dramatically in recent decades. The difference between an expert witness and other witnesses of the court is that expert witnesses are permitted and even encouraged to offer opinions and inferences. There are advantages and disadvantages of admitting such testimony, which has been the subject of much controversy and debate. Saferstein related that an expert witness is, "an individual whom the court determines possesses knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average layperson". Saferstein stated that the knowledge of the expert witness is obtained through training, education, experience or any combination of the three. A problem exists because a judge is making the decision on expert witness qualifications in highly technical fields. Expert witnesses may often testify to issues in forensic psychology, firearms identification, or forensic chemistry to name a few of the disciplines. Any number of other social and natural sciences may be deemed forensic in their application to the law. How is the judiciary to know, if what the expert witness is professing is based on a sound foundation of legitimate social, psychological, and natural sciences? The attorneys on each side of the American Court adversarial system may both profess to have expert witnesses. Those proffered witnesses may interpret the exact same evidence differently. Pros Expert witnesses are different from other witnesses in several key respects. Witnesses who are called to give testimony about particular events generally are not permitted to state opinions about the meaning of the facts. Only witnesses that have been qualified as experts by the court have that privilege. Unlike other witnesses, experts do not necessarily testify about events they have witnessed personally, nor is it necessary that they offer evidence specific to the matter at hand. They may offer generalizations from their own experience or from data or studies that are not necessarily derived from the particular dispute being litigated (Vollen & Eggers, 2005). For example, a toxicologist may testify about the effect of a certain substance on humans based on previous scientific studies concerning that substance, and the toxicologist need not have examined the injured party. The expert witness is a teacher who, by virtue of education and experience, educates the court regarding information to which the triers of fact

Information Describe Essay Example for Free

Information Describe Essay Describe the document you will create using your ICT skills. It is really important to make the purpose of your document clear, and describe where/when it will be used and who will be your audience. Research / Background Information Describe the steps that you took to collect information from both IT and non-IT sources for your document. Remember to say why the information that you have collected is relevant to your project (Is it fit for its purpose, suitable for your intended audience? ) What have you learnt from your research? Were you able to draw any conclusions of your own? Did your research help you to design your own original work? Design Outline Design your document. Save this design. This can be done by hand or on the computer. You can add notes (annotate) to your design, explaining things such as At this stage you can finalise your design and make your document. Try out at least two different arrangements of the text, images and numbers. Save these drafts. Choose the layout you prefer giving reasons for your choice. Checking Once you are satisfied that you have checked your document, give it to someone else to proof read. Keep this draft; make a note on it of anything that needs to be corrected. Read Also:  Descriptive Essay Topics Evaluation Explain how you would have created your document manually. Explain the difference that using ICT to create your document made. Does your document suit its purpose? What improvements could you make if you had more time or different resources available? Problem solving Explain how you overcame any difficulties you had creating your document. Did you use any online help features in the software you used? If so explain what you learnt from this. Safety Explain how you kept the risk of viruses to a minimum and how you made sure that the work was done in safe conditions. Was there a need for confidentiality in this document? What steps if any did you take to observe confidentiality? Appendices Include   Source documents you used to create your document (pictures you scanned in, notes, pricelists etc)   Any documents you used to collect information e. g. If you are doing a survey to collect information include a sample of your questionnaire and a summary of your results.   Your initial design Your drafts   A screenshot of a search proving that you searched for information using multiple criteria and finally. Put you final document on the front of your project documentation; attach a coversheet and hand in to meet the deadline

Censorship - We Must Not Restrict Speech -- Argumentative Persuasive E

We Must Not Restrict Speech      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Racism, sexism and homophobia is growing on college campuses around the country.   In response, many universities have adopted policies that address bigotry by placing restrictions on speech. The alternative to such restrictions, many administrators argue, is to allow bigots to run rampant and to subject their targets to a loss of equal educational opportunity. The power of a university to eliminate bias on campus ultimately depends not on its ability to punish a racist speaker, but instead on the depth of its commitment to the principles of equality and education.   Many universities, under pressure to respond to the concerns of those who are the objects of hate, have adopted codes or policies prohibiting speech that offends any group based on race, gender, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That's the wrong response, well-meaning or not.&nb...

My Unforgettable Experience with My Family Essay

This was the moment when we were down, helpless, and totally disappointed after we tried hard to earn a name for our family. This was the moment when my mother and other members of the family tried to console my father to be calm and not to be desperate at all. We advised him also to be positive in everything he does and always believe that there is always sunshine after the rain. This was also the moment of struggling, in search for truth and justice and how we were able to surpass with all our trials in life. It all started when my father was relieved from his post, as the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Officer (PENRO) of Rizal without any case filed against him. Later on, he knew that the cause of his relief was that he issued patents to the lowly farmers in Tanay, Rizal who since time immemorial have already acquired vested rights over the disputed area. The disputed area was the area targetted by some high ranking officials in the Office of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to have the area reserved for housing site. This area was given to the developer for free to develop the area for housing site for DENR employees without taking into consideration the flight of the actual occupants who actually reside thereon for a living. It turned out that the Presidential Proclamation reserving the said area for housing site was not approved and signed by the former President Gloria M. Arroyo for a simple reason that there was earlier an area reserved for housing site of DENR employees totalling to 130 hectares and the DENR under the leadership of Lito Atienza wanted more to expand the area for another 175 hectares but prior to their project, there are already actual occupants on the disputed area who actually occupied, possessed and cultivated the land in the concept of ownership since time immemorial. That’s why patents were issued in their favors. After constructing some housing units in Phase I of their project (covered by Presidential Proclamation), the result was that the DENR employees cannot afford to pay the purchase prize, so, these units were sold to some movie celebrities and elite group who can afford to pay the high cost of the housing units. Later on, a case was filed against my father in the office of the Ombudsman and right away my father was suspended for three months without pay for issuing patents to the lowly farmers of Tanay, Rizal. My father was ordered to answer the charges against him. So, what he did is to first conduct research work on related laws and jurispudence concerning land disposition, Then, he prepared an answer and all his acts were vindicated because the Office of the Ombudsman recognized the lawful rights of the lowly farmers over the disputed area. Right away, a decision was rendered and my father was ordered for reinstatement and his back salaries were paid, but he was only ordered to report in the Regional Office without any assignment. Because of too much stress, and not accustomed of just reporting to the Regional Office without assignnment, he became sick and the doctor advised him to take a complete rest. At this point, he was not able to file a leave of absence for three months. When he returned for work, he immediately filed a leave of absence and accomplished his daily time record for the signature of the Regional Executive Director (RED) of Region IV-A, CALABARZON but to his surprise, the RED did not like to sign his daily time record, instead an order was served to him, dropping him from the rolls and all his benefits were forfeited as civil service employee. According to my father, that very moment, he cannot express his feelings. The thought of being separated from the service, he felt that all his dreams were shuttered after serving the DENR for forty years. To him, he rose from the ranks up to the point he reached the level of being the Regional Technical Director of Region IV-A, CALABARZON way back 1998 up to year 2004. He was a scholar then in some European and Asian Countries where he was sent to take further studies concerning Land Adminstration and Management. During his early time, he became a scholar at the University of the Philippines taking up advanced courses in Economics. He tried to talk to the RED if he can set aside the order dropping him from the rolls, but the RED was so firm in his decision. My father felt that his constitutional rights were violated, that he was unjustly treated by the higher management. That he was not given fair chance to explain his side and that letters were not sent to him for explanation. To top it all, no administrative measures were exhausted to determine the possible cause of his absences. Again, my father got sick, he was physically and mentally disturbed. He felt he was in great shame as he was morally degraded by the sweeping act of the RED. At this point, my mother and the rest of the family tried to console him. We hired a lawyer through the help of our relatives and friends because my father at that time had no more salary. We tried to make things possible to make both ends meet. My father through his lawyer made a research work and they found out that the RED has no authority to drop employees with salary grade of 24 and above. That it’s only the Secretary of the DENR who has the sole authority to do so. It means to say that there was a great negligence on his part as he has no authority to drop my father from the rolls, and maybe because he did not conduct further research on the matter. My father was advised by his lawyer and friends to file a case to the RED for his ignorance and the damage he had caused to destroy the career of my father. So, right away he adhered to the advice of his lawyers and he filed an administrative case in the DENR against the RED and even elevated the case to the Office of the President, Malacanang, Manila who maliciously and intentionally dropped him from the rolls. While waiting for the outcome of the decision, my family do the daily habits of praying the rosary, begging to help my father in his search for truth and justice. My family and friends went out of their way to distribute some brochures and leaflets, depicting of what had happened to him during his stay in the DENR. These reading materials were distributed in his hometown, in churches, in colleges and universities and other social occassions to let the readers understand about his journey in the DENR, that he was badly put to shame and morally degraded after he had dedicated his entire life to the cause of public service. At times, he accepted some invitations as speaker in some public hearings and symposia that concern Proper Disposal and Waste Management, Clean and Green, Handog Titulo Program and the Management and Conservation of Rivers, Creeks, Lakes including Manila Bay. It goes to say that my father did not stop his good work even he was already separated from the service. While fighting for justice, he was still doing public service to the people in our place and in his hometown Tanauan, Batangas. He had a positive outlook in life by not just staying idle. I think this was his way of unwinding himself from the problems he was facing. He was so civil in addressing his problems and did not stop believing that he can do it. A lot of his friends sympathized him and he was admired for his courage and enthusiasm to fight the management. Others felt that he was totally helpless and even believed that he cannot anymore be reinstated. According to my father, there are others in the organization who are committing blunder, worst than ever compared from his situation, and they ought to be punished under the law because of their ill doings concerning graft and corruption and they became rich at the expense of others. On my part, I felt and experienced all the adjustments in life because I’m still studying and my only hope was my mother. She was the only one who can be reached for my expenses in school. There were complete changes in the way of spending. We simply lived and spent within the reach of my mother’s earnings, who is also working in the DENR. We tried everything to make things possible. It was really a period of adjustment and struggles. I could not imagine how I was able to survive to make things smooth for me. I think, it was all in the mind. I told my father that maybe we may not have everything but at least we do not have nothing. Try to reach for someone and it was the Lord who can help us for all the miseries we have. It is true, that the only weapon to combat all misfortunes, is prayer. It is only through calling the Lord that we can rebuild our strength and compose ourselves to meet the challenges in life. Maybe, we have to be strong and firm to find ways what is best for us. My mother and the rest of the family did not stop praying the rosary and we tried to call the Lord to help my father in his journey for justice. After nine months of waiting, my father was called by the Secretary of the DENR, Forester Ramon Paje. My father had a confidential talk with him and he explained his side that during that time, the RED committed a great mistake to drop him from the rolls since the latter has no jurisdiction and/or authority to do so. It is only the Secretary of the DENR who has the authority to drop him from the rolls. According to the DENR Secretary, the act of the RED is so inhuman and he abused his power to destroy my father’s career. After what had transpired between my father and the DENR Secretary, a decision was rendered, resinstating my father in the service and all his back salaries were paid. The RED was immediately transferred to other region, as punishment for the mistake he has committed. The retirement of my father is fast approaching and he wants to leave the organization with a good name. In due time, he will harvest the fruits of his labor, and I told him to try to be cool always and forget the bad experiences he had during his encounter with the RED. I said to him to enjoy life, and be positive in all his directions for the Lord is just beside him to bless him in all his work. At present, he is now ordered by the DENR Secretary to assist Congressman Sonny Collantes in some DENR programs and projects in Tanauan, Batangas that can uplift the socio-economic condition of the people in the countryside. Now, my father believes that it is only through constant prayers that he can be totally healed. Never stopped calling the Lord for he is our redeemer and he believes that he is nothing without the Lord for He can make things possible for everyone, especially during our trials in life.

Kfc Strategy in China Essay

KFC: continue to increase localization, pushing spicy Sichuan chicken Various cities in China Kendejichuan spicy chicken on television ads starting from October 27 .10 scale appears, the product was launched. At the same time to market a product in China have another breakfast food, wolfberry Pumpkin porridge. The introduction of spicy Sichuan chicken only in the McDonald’s â€Å"face† strategy of one month, and advertising intensity is very high, so we can respond to competition as this is a response to KFC. KFC continues the current strategy is clearly its long-standing localization strategy. Let us look back to his food with Chinese characteristics. Since 2000, KFC tastes have continued to try to figure out people, the introduction of a typical Chinese products, such as a half fried wings, mustard pork soup, cold Daoxiang mushroom rice, chicken roll of old Beijing, Guangdong, cushions chatter meat flavor. Average Each month, KFC will launch the long-term or short-ter m localized products. KFC The â€Å"Sichuan Spicy chicken† learn the essence of Sichuan, the choice of the side ribs and chicken wings, chicken processing into small pieces of bone, and then use a special â€Å"hot pepper powder, chicken marinade,† preserved, upon frying , spicy and delicious, with rich flavors of Sichuan. KFC seems to have been determined to make China’s eight major cuisines are the reorganization. In other aspects, the pace of the same compact localization Kentucky. 1, KFC in China, the proportion of local procurement of raw materials reached 95%, of which bread, chicken and vegetables all come from China itself. 2, 2003 Chinese New Year, from early January to February 9, white beard, â€Å"Kentucky grandfather† changed the usual â€Å"suit,† the classic image of more than 170 cities in China, 800 restaurants, also put on the traditional Chinese holiday costumes. 3, the layout of KFC’s stores have begun to melt a lot of elements such as China. Of course, more Chinese people speaking, turns KFC has introduced a typical Chinese name and Chinese food is more characteristic of the food of concern. Localization of the product and did not weaken the image of foreign brands KFC. Some experts pointed out that â€Å"tends to localization† refers to the multinational corporations in maintaining the â€Å"classic† status of the product or service main premise, the country’s situation with due regard to create a local natural and cultural environment similar to the business environment to attract more local consumers. both globalization and localization, the localization of the pace of building a compact KFC brand in China is becoming a core strategy of this company one.

Definition and Examples of Word Boundaries

Definition and Examples of Word Boundaries In writing, word boundaries are conventionally represented by spaces between words. In speech, word boundaries are determined in various ways, as discussed below. Related Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms Assimilation and DissimilationConceptual MeaningConnected SpeechIntonationMetanalysisMondegreenMorpheme and PhonemeOronymsPausePhonetics and PhonologyPhonological WordProsodySegment and SuprasegmentalSlip of the EarSound Change Examples of Word Boundaries When I was very young, my mother scolded me for flatulating by saying, Johnny, who made an odor? I misheard her euphemism as who made a motor? For days I ran around the house amusing myself with those delicious words. (John B. Lee, Building Bicycles in the Dark: A Practical Guide on How to Write. Black Moss Press, 2001I could have sworn I heard on the news that the Chinese were producing new trombones. No, it was neutron bombs. (Doug Stone, quoted by Rosemarie Jarski in Dim Wit: The Funniest, Stupidest Things Ever Said. Ebury, 2008As far as input processing is concerned, we may also recognize slips of the ear, as when we start to hear a particular sequence and then realize that we have misperceived it in some way; e.g. perceiving the ambulance at the start of the yam balanced delicately on the top . . ..  (Michael Garman, Psycholinguistics. Cambridge University Press, 2000 Word Recognition The usual criterion for word recognition is that suggested by the linguist Leonard Bloomfield, who defined a word as a minimal free form. . . .The concept of a word as a minimal free form suggests two important things about words. First, their ability to stand on their own as isolates. This is reflected in the space which surrounds a word in its orthographical form. And secondly, their internal integrity, or cohesion, as units. If we move a word around in a sentence, whether spoken or written, we have to move the whole word or none of itwe cannot move part of a word.(Geoffrey Finch, Linguistic Terms, and Concepts. Palgrave Macmillan, 2000)[T]he great majority of English nouns begins with a stressed syllable. Listeners use this expectation about the structure of English and partition the continuous speech stream employing stressed syllables.(Z.S. Bond, Slips of the Ear. The Handbook of Speech Perception, ed. by David Pisoni and Robert Remez. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005) Tests of Word Identification Potential pause: Say a sentence out loud, and ask someone to repeat it very slowly, with pauses. The pauses will tend to fall between words, and not within words. For example, the / three / little / pigs / went / to / market. . . .Indivisibility:  Say a sentence out loud, and ask someone to add extra words to it. The extra item will be added between the words and not within them. For example, the pig went to market might become the big pig once went straight to the market. . . .Phonetic boundaries:  It is sometimes possible to tell from the sound of a word where it begins or ends. In Welsh, for example, long words generally have their stress on the penultimate syllable . . .. But there are many exceptions to such rules.Semantic units:  In the sentence Dog bites vicar, there are plainly three units of meaning, and each unit corresponds to a word. But language is often not as neat as this. In I switched on the light, the has little clear meaning, and the single action of switchin g on involves two words.​(Adapted from The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, 3rd ed., by David Crystal. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Explicit Segmentation [E]xperiments in English have suggested that listeners segment speech at strong syllable onsets. For example, finding a real word in a spoken nonsense sequence is hard if the word is spread over two strong syllables (e.g., mint in [mÇ€ntef]) but easier if the word is spread over a strong and a following weak syllable (e.g., mint in [mÇ€ntÉ™f]; Cutler Norris, 1988).The proposed explanation for this is that listeners divide the former sequence at the onset of the second strong syllable, so that detecting the embedded word requires recombination of speech material across a segmentation point, while the latter sequence offers no such obstacles to embedded word detection as the non-initial syllable is weak and so the sequence is simply not divided.Similarly, when English speakers make slips of the ear that involve mistakes in word boundary placement, they tend most often to insert boundaries before strong syllables (e.g., hearing by loose analogy as by Luce and Allergy) or delet e boundaries before weak syllables (e.g., hearing how big is it? as how bigoted?; Cutler Butterfield, 1992).These findings prompted the proposal of the Metrical Segmentation Strategy for English (Cutler Norris, 1988; Cutler, 1990), whereby listeners are assumed to segment speech at strong syllable onsets because they operate on the assumption, justified by distributional patterns in the input, that strong syllables are highly likely to signal the onset of lexical words. . . .Explicit segmentation has the strong theoretical advantage that it offers a solution to the word boundary problem both for the adult and for the infant listener. . . .Together these strands of evidence motivate the claim that the explicit segmentation procedures used by adult listeners may in fact have their origin in the infants exploitation ofrhythmic structure to solve the initial word boundary problem.​(Anne Cutler, Prosody and the Word Boundary Problem. Signal to Syntax: Bootstrapping from Speech t o Grammar in Early Acquisition, ed. by James L. Morgan and Katherine Demuth. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1996)

Cómo Corregir Errores en el Formulario de Visa DS-160

Cà ³mo Corregir Errores en el Formulario de Visa DS-160  ¿Por Quà © Es Importante Corregir los Errores? El DS-160 es el formulario  electrà ³nico  que se utiliza para solicitar o renovar las  visas de no inmigrante (turista, estudiante, intercambio, trabajo temporal, etc). Todo lo que ahà ­ se declara debe ser cierto y mentir se considera un fraude de ley; en consecuencia cualquier error de informacià ³n debe ser corregido apenas se caiga en la cuenta del error, antes y/o despuà ©s de haber enviado el formulario. No corregir los errores puede demorar el proceso de la visa hasta que se llene de nuevo un formulario, o simplemente puede generar un rechazo en la aplicacià ³n. Ambos casos son pà ©rdidas de tiempo y dinero. Cà ³mo Corregir los Errores en el Formulario DS-160 Los errores se pueden corregir fcilmente antes de enviar la planilla: Coloque el cursor del ratà ³n (mouse) sobre la respuesta que hay que modificar y oprima la opcià ³n edit para cambiarla. Luego oprima save para actualizar la respuesta. En el caso en el que el formulario ya se haya enviado hay dos opciones: Busque en su disco duro si tiene la versià ³n del formulario que ya ha enviado. Si este es el caso, abra el archivo y busque el enlace al DS-160 en internet. Oprima la opcià ³n de upload a previous application, y clique edit para cambiar la respuesta necesaria. Una vez hecho el cambio oprima save para actualizar. Si no tiene grabada la versià ³n que ya ha enviado debe llenar nuevamente, y con mucho cuidado, el formulario, cerciorndose de que todas las respuestas sean verà ­dicas. Errores Ms Graves en el DS-160   Se consideran errores particularmente graves los que dan informacià ³n falsa o inexacta acerca de: Viajes anteriores a Estados Unidos.Rechazo de una solicitud previa para una visa.Arrestos o condenas tanto en Estados Unidos como en otros paà ­ses.Problemas con una autoridad de los Estados Unidos.Falsedad acerca de familiares en Estados Unidos o familiares de nacionalidad estadounidenses. En este punto hay que prestar especial atencià ³n a los padres de nià ±os nacidos en Estados Unidos (el oficial de visas puede pedir facturas hospitalarias de dà ³nde nacià ³ el bebà © para cerciorarse de que no se hayan generado gastos a Medicaid). Consideraciones Generales Para Solicitar la Visa Antes de pedir la visa considere si usted es inelegible o inadmisible y evite que su solicitud sea rechazada. En el primer caso se considera inelegible a la persona que no ha podido demostrar suficientes recursos econà ³micos o lazos familiares y/o de trabajo en el lugar de residencia fuera de Estados Unidos. En el segundo caso, se considera inadmisible a una persona que ha estado previamente en condicià ³n de ilegal en Estados Unidos. Si usted est en proceso de recibir una green card, no solicite visa de turismo porque lo ms probable es que le sea negada. Consejos Para Conservar la Visa Aprobada Una vez su visa es aprobada aconsejamos: Tomar este test de respuestas mà ºltiples para repasar la informacià ³n bsica acerca de la visa de turismo.Conocer las 10 causas ms frecuentes por las que las visas se cancelan. Ser prudente con la frecuencia de los ingresos a los Estados Unidos. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo y no pretende ser es asesorà ­a legal.

VARK Questionaire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

VARK Questionaire - Assignment Example Training would include putting concepts into various illustration formats so that the individual could see a pictorial representation of the subject matter. In opposite accord, the aural learner would best be assisted in comprehension by putting training material into the form of a lecture or using CD-ROM technology with auditory discussion of subject matter. This would allow the aural learner to focus more intently on the concept or lecture. For those with read/write as their preferred style, the training should include textbooks, notes and other various hand-outs that describe the learning concepts. This type of learner would benefit from having subject outlines written or certain lecture notes that have been properly paraphrased and put into documentation (Murphy, et al.). The kinesthetic learner prefers a more hands-on approach, a form of experiential learning. This is a learn-by-doing approach which could involve role playing in groups or developing hands-on science projects and experimentation to come up with a concept solution (Pashler, et al., 2009). make up only a marginal percentage of the national population (studyingstyle.com, n.d.). Establishing tactile learning without a multi-modal approach might only satisfy a small portion of the learning classroom based on this research data. Secondly, some learners, like this student with dual learning styles, might benefit from a multi-modal approach that blends visual with read/write aspects. This would likely be a better training method when the learning takes place in a group with a high population of learners trying to comprehend the same training concepts, such as a business organization. Many individuals maintain multi-modal learning talents and this should be recognized to ensure that a program maintains elements for multi-modal learners. This might require the trainer to have a competent background in dual learning approaches, or conducting pre-testing in the large classroom, to

The Plight of Workers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Plight of Workers - Assignment Example In the early years of twentieth century there was a massive inflow of immigrants in the United States of America. The poor immigrants were beckoned into America by the alleged abundant opportunities. Upon arrival they provided a reservoir of cheap labor to factories and other businesses. The dilapidated tenements were the abode of choice for many of them. The houses had no clean water or sewerage system. Life in these slums was unbearable.1 Chicago was strategically located with a cattle rearing hinterland. This gave rise to a mammoth meat packing sector which needed thousand of unskilled labor. It was a city of contrast with magnificent buildings owned by the factory owners and the slums housing the laborers. The working condition was akin to slavery and the meat packing process was unhealthy. Apart from the misery in the meat packing factories, the filth and toxics from the factories found their way into the local rivers. The entire macabre situation is captured through the life of an immigrant Lithuanian family. It narrates their struggles to adapt to a new life and a series of misfortune that befalls them in the process. Upon arrival the future looks bright with prospects of getting jobs in the slaughter house.2 The cheer magnitude of the deplorable conditions is not only evidenced by the dilapidated buildings housing the workers but the land upon which the houses are built. It is a waste land reclaimed by filling soil mining pits with garbage resulting to a perpetual stench. Jurgis however, views the idea as a brilliant innovation. This notion depicts a common believe of many immigrants who were buoyed by idea of being in the land of opportunities. Jurgis can not understand the negative altitude of his fellow workers in the slaughter house. But slowly he encounters episodes in his work place and outside which makes him realize all is not well. He realizes pregnant cows are slaughtered for meat against the law and Antana’s dubious job offer. Perhaps the single event that eventually leads to the break up of Jurgis’ family is the attempt to purchase a house. Apart from the difficulties in raising the required amount they discover the contract is fraudulent. The house is worth much less than indicated and there are hidden interest charges. The subsequent financial burden ignites a series of events that eventually shatters the family’s American dream that lured them into America in the first place. All members of the family including children are sent to work in order to keep the family financially afloat. Considering the financial burden the family is facing Ona is silent of her rape ordeal by her boss. Once Jurgis learns of the ordeal he fights Ona’s boss and he is subsequently jailed for thirty days. With the exit of Jurgis the main contributor to their house project, they are evicted. The family suffers anguish and frustration which results to the death of several of the family members. Dejected, Jurgis bec omes a drifter hopping from place to place is search of solace and work. Eventually he returns back to Chicago and embarks on criminal activities. The changed Jurgis intends to hit back to the society against which he is aggrieved. He engages in activities ranging from mugging to rigging of the election. However he fails to improve his fortune through this path until he accidentally stumbles upon a Socialist Party

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes Essay

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes - Essay Example That’s the reason behind companies’ preferences for achieving cost synergies at the loss of revenue synergies. It is quite interesting to know why companies do not make additional effort into recognising and providing revenue synergies although investors may give an increased level of confidence to achieve cost synergies and they show heightened awareness over revenue synergies, therefore, offer an increased value premium. Need is to provide increased insight to investors on revenue synergies so that the market could present a complete perspective of the strategic reasoning and better value as an outcome (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). Revenue increase, its criticality in valuation and its provision after acquisition can be derived by dividing various sources of revenue synergy, aimed through the acquisition, such as: expansion into a new sector; expansion into a new areas; cross-selling products and services; Advantages from intangible rights and technologies; and growth in current market share. There is need of a closer insight at the difference between cost savings and revenue increase as add-ons to success, in the context of the degree of total value of the acquisition coming through revenue synergies and through cost synergies. It needs to be clear whether a pre-completion synergy appraisal requires a detailed bottom-up process or it should be a top-down high level method. Before finalisation of the in-advance synergy appraisal, it needs to be confirmed whether synergy aims are clear to all leading stakeholders (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). Normally, there is no ambiguity relatively in the difference of drivers and expectations of M&A functions changing with time and as per the ongoing economic environment. It is interesting to observe the market behaviour after the recuperation from the recession worldwide on whether companies are currently acquiring for achieving revenue synergies or cost synergies (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). When acquisition values co rrectly show possible synergies from both cost savings and revenue increase and when these are of central concern to the management after the acquisition, the results are more possible to fulfil or exceed aspirations (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). The Kraft acquisition of Cadbury was projected to offer $1 Billion in Synergies, as declared by the Kraft Foods. The incremental revenue synergies of $1billion were excluded of $750 million to be achieved in cost synergies by 2013. These revenue synergies, according to the Kraft, would be derived from the business increase in developing regions from one/fourth of the total revenue to approximately touching one/third after the merger. A statement was made by Kraft Foods’ CFO Tim Mclevish prior to an analyst conference in New York, stating that â€Å"This combination of factors gives us great confidence that our company will generate organic revenue growth of 5% or more, margins in the mid- to high-teens and EPS growth of 9% to 11%† (Tse, 2010). The confidence of the Company management is getting reflected from the acquisition, as it expects to become a long-run high-bracket performer in the food industry world wide. Presently, the Company is earning more than 50% of its revenue from outside North America, from countries like Brazil, China, India and Mexico, where GDP and demand growth are the most firm (Tse, 2010). Kraft CEO, Irene Rosenfeld, also holds the same opinion from the â€Å"unique and complimentary combination† of Kraft and Cadbury, stating that, â€Å"

Social Reactions To Interracial Relationships

Social Reactions To Interracial Relationships The United States Supreme Court In 1967 ruled that Virginias anti-miscegenation laws were not in accord with the principles set forth in the constitution of the state and put a stop to all of the legal restrictions that were in place against marriages amongst mixed race (Erin, 2005). Since that time there has been a remarkable increase in the number of marriages amongst mix race in the United States (Lewis and Yancey, 1997), and the figures of interracial couples has also become twice as much every decade since 1960 (Killian, 2002). Statistics show that currently there are about 3 million interracial marriages, which make up 5% of all marriages in the United States, and another 2.5 million mix race couples that are dating (Hibbler and Shinew, 2002). Interracial marriages can include the combination of White, Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and any other group. However, when people talk about interracial relationships, the first things that mostly come to their mind is relationships amongst black and white (Vernellia, 1998). The rate of growth of interracial marriages is increasing by the day. In particular, the kind of interracial intermingling involving Blacks and Whites has been constantly changing. Immediately after Emancipation, the figures of black and white interracial relationships increased, got to its peak in 1900, and subsequently decrease till 1940. However, this form of union is still the least common type of mix race union (Davidson, 1992), even though the Black and White intermarriages has been on the increase since the 90s (Tucker and Mitchell-Kernan, 1990). There are a lot of reasons for the sharp increase in the figures of the different form of interracial marriages. One of the reasons is the Supreme Court decision in 1967 that made anti- miscegenation laws unconstitutional (Kalmijn, 1993). The close in the gap narrowed down between Blacks and Whites education, occupation and income (Kalmijn, 1993). Also, data from National Center for Health Statistics indicates the decrease in Whites prejudice against Blacks (Kalmijn, 1993). Further more, the increase in interracial marriage can be linked to the progress made by the Civil Rights movement, the increase in opportunities afforded Black people, and the increase in social contact between the races (Davidson, 1992). This research aim at reviewing the historical background of interracial relationship both interracial dating and marriage, and also factors attributed to relationships amongst mix race. This research also focuses on the opinions of the youth to interracial relationship in the 21th century. In general, the main aim of this piece is to examine interracial relationships, whether marriage or casual dating and the attitude of the youths towards it, taking foreign pre- masters students at ICRGU from different regions as samples. The reason for the study of different forms of relationships is because some individual rather prefer to go into a causal date, than going into a serious relationships that might lead to marriage. But this research will not only look at attitude towards interracial relationships from perspective of preference. It will look at possible points of meeting a person from another region or origin, and what might probably propel someone into such relationship base on pers onalities and compatibility. The research questions are as follows: What are the attitudes of the youths towards relationship amongst mix race in the 21th century? How popular is relationships amongst mix race. Factors affecting relationships amongst mix race. LITERATURE REVIEW This section of review on the interracial relationships will basically focus on three major tittles, which are The characters of those going into interracial relationships Theories why people marry outside of their race taking blacks and whites form of union as study sample. Social reactions to interracial relationship. To start with, characteristics of those in interracial relationships, in terms of marriage, research shows that people who interracially marry tend to be younger, likelihood of being married before, live in developed environment like cities or town, or are older in age from their spouse compared to people who married within their own race (Erin, 2005). Research founds that male and female within a particular racial group to an extent have different tendency to get married to someone outside their racial group (Erin, 2005). For instance, Black male have high records of interracial compared to black females. Also, Japanese and Native American woman have much higher numbers of interracial marriages compared to their male counterparts (Erin, 2005). In the U.S interracial marriages currently are highest in the west and lowest in the southern region. However, Hawaii breaks the normal trends of interracial marriages. Hawaii has a unique racial makeup in that no single racial group makes up more than 25% of the population and nearly 40% of all marriages interracial (Solberry, 1994). Therefore, it is significant to note that interracial couples tend to often move to more hospitable areas of the country (Tucker and Mitchellkernan, 1990). Further more, many theories have been established to explain the reasons behind people getting married to race other than their race, and success of such marriage to stand test of time. Structural theory states that marriages among mix race is more frequent in areas where community structure have been kept in place to support and authorize interracial marriages, and also community were there is increase in awareness of peoples personal decision to go into such a union. Recent attention given to interracial marriage in the media and in popular literature along with more people living and working in more integrated environments has lead to an increased acceptance of heterogeneous relationships (Hibbler and Shinew, 2002). Another predominant theory on reason people chose to marry outside of their race is the social exchange theory. Using Black-White interracial marriage for instance, social exchange theory states that when White women marry Black men, who usually are of higher economic status, they exchange the prestige of their skin color for the Black husbands higher economic status (Davidson, 1992; Kalmijn, 1993; Lewis and Yancey, 1997). However, Black women have been found to marry down in both interracial and same race unions, which seem to prove that Black-White interracial marriage is more complex than just an exchange of status (Foeman and Nance, 1999). An additional theory, which attempts to account for the union of interracial relationships, is the racial motivation theory (Kouri and Lasswell, 1993). The racial motivation theory states that many interracial marriages take place because of racial differences, not in spite of them (Kouri and Lasswell, 1993). From this view, it can be said that curiosity about differences in race, increases sexual interest or attraction to someone not of same race. This theory also says that those who intermarry may be acting in rebellion against social norms of racial endogamy and using the marriage as a way to state their independence (Kouri and Lasswell, 1993). Finally, there has been a change in the societal view of interracial marriages. Many studies have shown that there is less pressure in society today to have racially homogeneous relationships than in the past (Lewis Yancey, 1997). Never the less there are still some discriminations in some form of interracial union. Using the union of Black and White for instance, recent studies still suggest that the Black-White interracial union, especially the Black male-White female union, is still the most negatively viewed relationship type (Norment, 1994). There have been many researches on the history of discrimination against Black-White Interracial union. Today, the relationship between Blacks and Whites is seen as different from that of other minorities. When one speaks of race relations in America, the majority of people immediately think of the struggles between Black and White people (Killian, 2002; Wright et. al, 2003). Despite the dramatic increase in Black-White marriages, they are still the least favorable form of interracial marriage in America (Wade, 1991), and they are still considered to be a taboo subject by some (Harris and Kalbfleisch, 2000). According to survey carried out among Blacks and White marriage, in the study of 270 interracial couples, it was found that nearly half reported that marrying someone not from their race makes marriage difficult, while about two thirds reported that at least one of the parent objected to their marriage (Fears and Deane, 2001). Although there is increase in the tolerance of interracial couples, there are still powerful forces in society that make Black-White interracial marriage hard and unappealing (Dainton, 1999). Many Black-White interracial couples report that they face discrimination from members of their own particular race; European Americans view them as being too Black and African Americans view them as being not Black enough (Orbe, 1999). Another source of discrimination for those in interracial marriages is often the family. The majority of people in interracial marriages have said that they have had to face one or both parents express serious concern to outright disapproval of their choice to marry interracially. Most of the time , this disapproval are always expressed verbally, and in the case where couple goes on with the marriage, some certain members of the family not in support of the union might refuse to attend any important event organized by the couples, such as wedding, holiday celebrations, family reunion or even family visitation. In some extreme cases, members of interracial marriages have reported having lost all contact for years at a time with once close members of their families (Luke and Carrington, 2000). But, one part of the twos couples tend to be more acceptant than the other. Studies have also found that acceptance of interracial marriages is increasing at a rapid rate and an increasing number of interracial couples are reporting that their families have openly accepted their interracial relationship, and they feel comfortable speaking about their relationship in public (Fears Deane, 2001, Rosenblatt et. al., 1995). However, attitudes towards interracial relationships have been found to vary based on race, age, and gender. In a study of Black and White people between the ages of 21 and 40, it was reported that men have more positive attitudes towards interracial relationships compared to women, and also those that are younger have more favorable views on interracial relationships (Datzman and Gardner 2000). It was also found that the families of the Black partner in interracial relationships tend to be more accepting and supportive than the families of the White partner (Hibbler and Shinew, 2002). In another study eighty-six percent of Black respondents said that their families would welcome a White person into their family compared to only 55% of White respondents who said their families would welcome a Black person into their family (Fears Deane, 2001). This research however is not just about interracial relationships among blacks and white, the review is to build up facts associated with interracial relationship considering researches already done on different topics on interracial relationships which can help answer some of the research questions. This research aims at cutting across all forms of interracial relationships, and types of relationships, whether causal dating or marriages and associated factors that influences the opinion of people towards going into it. Also, it aims at finding the opinion of the youth towards interracial relationships in the 21th century. METHOLOGY The research targeted at getting the opinions and attitudes of the youths towards interracial relationships, whether just casual dating or marriages. Considering the limitation both time and resources, the research were conducted among international students of ICRGU who are from different parts of the world, namely, China, Nigeria and Kazakhstan. The final sample of students consist of 4 Chinese (1 males, 3 females), 3 Nigerians (2 males, 1 female), and 3 Kazakhstanis (1 male, 2 females), all between the age of 20-35. None of the participant is married. Interviews were conducted on each of the participants to explore their attitudes toward interracial relationships. Qualitative data were collected by the means of follow-up interviews with the respondents who participated in the survey. The interviews with the respondents were semi- structured interview, including general questions as well as sets of questions for individuals who either have family members or friends, or know someone who was is into interracially relationship. Generally, all the questions aimed at getting disposition towards interracial relationships, and also general opinion towards interracial relationships. DISCUSSION Over the decades now, many studies have been made on interracial relationships and so far shown many controversies. The study on interracial relationships is a wide study, but very interesting study. This research however focused on the opinion of the youths towards interracial relationships, and has been proven that there is increase in the awareness of youth towards interracial relationships, unlike in the past. The table 1 shows the numbers of participants both male and female who took part in the survey, and their opinion on whether they can go into a relationship with someone not of their race. About 60% agreed they can go into interracial relationships, while about 20% disagree not to going into interracial relationships. 20% percent others would want to, but are restricted because of some factors like family acceptance or their culture. Table 2, shows the participants general opinion towards interracial marriages, and from the table, there is a trend of acceptance in some region compared to other regions. Fig 2.1 and 2.2 shows the percentages of both male and females opinions towards interracial marriages. Figure2.1 shows individual dispositions towards interracial marriage and about 60% sounded positive of getting married to someone outside their race, and about 40% wouldnt want to get married to someone not from their race. Figure 2.2 shows the general opinion on interracial marriages, and about 90% feels nothing is wrong in going into interracial marriages, while about 10% feels interracial marriages isnt ideal. Even with challenges faced in interracial relationship, its still something one can rule out from happening. According to Mr. John, he feels with high speed travel and communication technology in this age of globalization interracial marriages will always happen irrespective of the family, cultural believes, or societal opinion. But he feels to preserve culture, interracial marriage is not ideal. Miss Ama also feels marriage has nothing to do with culture or believes. She feels as long as there is love and the both parties understand themselves, marrying each other shouldnt be a problem. She also didnt rule out difficulties that might come with the marriage such as language barriers but she said if the 2 parties are strong enough to overcome the challenges that will make them strong. Generally, from the research, it was observed most believe interracial relationships have to do with the personal decisions and feeling. According to Miss Beauty, she feels going into interracial relationship is a personal thing. She also said as long as there is respect and happiness, there is nothing wrong about interracial relationships. To add to this, Miss Ama said feeling is a thing of the mind irrespective of color, culture or religion , you dont expect it, it just happens. When happens and you feel the person is the right choice for you, you just go for it. One of the limitations in this research is the time frame. The time frame to complete this research isnt long enough to get more samples for analyzing the topic in context. The research was restricted to little numbers of participants and limited questions to elaborate more on the factors affecting opinions so as to have enough time to execute the aim of the research. However, with previous review on related research, the aim of the research was accomplished. Another limitation was the numbers of different regions availably. In the pre masters class of ICRGU where the survey was carried out, presently have students mainly from 3 countries namely, Nigeria, China, and Kazakhstan. The effect of this is that, there were limitations to cultural behaviors and believes considering the topic was generally on opinion of the youths in the 21th century, and just 3 countries were available for the survey. CONCLUSION An interracial relationship is where there is marriage, sexual or romantic relations between individuals of different races. In the past, interracial marriages were in fact taboo in some parts of the world, but with globalization there has been a change in ideology about interracial relationship. From the result of the survey, it suggests that there is increase in the awareness of interracial relationships. It also suggests there is an increase in the acceptance of going into a relationship with someone of different race. However, there are still some believes that interracial relationships, especially marriage if encourage, could lead to cultures being eradicated, in this light very few persons wont support such union so as to preserve culture. The finding in the studies also shows that about 90% of the participants feel there is nothing wrong in going into interracial relationships, as long as both parties love each other and have reasons to want to go into such relations, and also can solve their differences. There are some attitudes common to the participants of this survey which are, All participants are in their 20s and are all international students of ICRGU who are from different countries, and might want to try something new. They have been opportune to meet with other students from other countries. Considering might be the first time most of them have the opportunity to meet different people with different culture, color, background and country. They believe as long as the 2 parties are willing to pass the huddles, there is nothing wrong in interracial relationships Lastly, they feel relationship is the thing of the heart. It has nothing to do with color, culture or country. As long as the two parties can cope with their differences. There are a lot of controversies on interracial relationships because believes of every individuals varies. But according to this research, it can be said to some extent that interracial relationships is somehow accepted and there is increase in awareness. In light of the increasing rates of interracial relationship and the opinion of people towards it, there is still a great deal of research that needs to be done on this topic. One of the researches needs to discuss more on the success of interracial marriages.

President McKinley :: Biography

President McKinley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. Niles was a small town with no railroad and few wagon roads. He was the seventh child. When he was 9 years old they moved to Poland, Ohio. He went to the schoolhouse and then entered the local academy until he was 17.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he was 18, he taught school and earned $25 a month. When vacation came he worked at the Poland post office. When the Civil War came, he enlisted. Shortly after he enlisted he was promoted to sergeant. When the war came to an end, he was a major at the age of 22.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He attended the Albany Law School and he joined a law firm in 1867. He was elected county prosecuting attorney. On January 25,1871 he married Ida Saxton. He campaigned for General Rutherford B. Hayes who was his commanding officer during the Civil War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1876 he was elected to Congress and served 7 terms. He sponsored the tin industry and in 1896 he ran for president and won. He found that the gold in the Treasury was low and he worked on obtaining more gold for the Treasury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He passed the Tariff Bill and imports and exports increased. Hawaii asked for annexation to the United States. He sent the Treaty of Annexation to the senate but they rejected it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reporting the stalemate between Spanish forces and revolutionaries in Cuba, newspapers screamed that a quarter of the population was dead and the rest suffering acutely. Public indignation brought pressure upon the President for war. Unable to restrain Congress or the American people, McKinley delivered his message of neutral intervention in April 1898. Congress thereupon voted three resolutions tantamount to a declaration of war for the liberation and independence of Cuba.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Battleship Maine was sunk, the United States declared war. During the 100 days of this war, the United States destroyed the Spanish fleet outside Santiago harbor in Cuba. Also, they seized Manila in the Philippines and occupied Puerto Rico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the victory in Manila Bay, Congress began to see the projected annexation of Hawaii differently. The Senate and the House of Representatives took a vote on making Hawaii a territory of the United States. It was passed in June by the House of Representatives and then in July by the Senate. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They abandoned the Nicaragua project in 1898 and started work on the

Mountain Man Beer CompanyBrand, Essay

MMBC is considering introducing a Mountain Man Light beer to attract younger drinkers to the brand. MMBC ultimately would like to reposition the brand to drive sales of Mountain Man Light to young people without eroding the core brand equity. The reason MMBC should consider doing this is because over the previous six years light beer sales in the U. S have been growing at a compound annual rate of 4% while traditional beer sales have been declining annually at the same rate. MMBC has been experiencing declining sales for the first time in the company’s history and needs to do something about it. For the introduction of this new light beer to succeed: †¢Mountain Man Light beer would have to not interfere with Mountain Man Lager sales and avoid the cannibalization of the original product. †¢ MMBC would have to strategically reposition themselves in a way where their brand keeps and maintains their strong image to it’s already older, blue collar, loyal customers while at the same time appealing to the younger drinkers. †¢MMBC needs to have the necessary funds to launch Mountain Man Light. †¢MMBC would need to make sure to get retailers to give them additional facings. MMBC’s goals should be to stop declining sales and solve whatever problem that’s causing lost sales, and maintaining a strong brand image while looking for marketing opportunities as well as promoting the growth of the company. To make the right decision MMBC needs to remember what has led them to be a successful brewing company. MMBC’s reputation of quality beer along with a unique flavorful taste has led the company to have a respectable market share for an old school, regional brewery and strong brand loyalty from its customers. Over the years MMBC has relied on its history and status as an independent, family owned brewery to create a certain authenticity and position the beer with its core drinkers (blue collar, middle-to-lower income men over age 45). MMBC has been recognized as one of the best beers in the nation many times leading to a strong brand awareness among working-class males in the East Central region. MMBC differentiated themselves strategically by using grass-roots marketing to spread its beer quality message by word of mouth, MMBC knows that they are not as big as Anheuser Busch and they don’t try to be. With a strong loyal customer MMBC’s brand loyalty rate is higher than the rates of competitive products. All of these factors and strategies have led MMBC to create a strong brand. In spite of its strong brand, MMBC’s decline is due to many factors. The first reason for this decline is that there has been a turn down in the beer sales in the whole US. The cause for this turn down is consumer’s acquired preference towards wines and spirits based drinks. Also, light beer sales in the US have been growing at a prospering rate of 4%, thus decreasing conventional premium beer sales by the equivalent percentage. Light beer sales accounted for 50. 4% of volume sales in 2005, compared with 29. 8% in 2001. This has definitely declined MMBC’s sale since they don’t offer a â€Å"light† beer category. Finally younger drinkers ages 21 to 27, which are not MMBC’s target market, account for more than 27% of total beer consumption and is still growing. In addition, this age group spent twice as much per capita on alcoholic beverages than consumers over 35 years of age.