Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes Essay

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes - Essay Example That’s the reason behind companies’ preferences for achieving cost synergies at the loss of revenue synergies. It is quite interesting to know why companies do not make additional effort into recognising and providing revenue synergies although investors may give an increased level of confidence to achieve cost synergies and they show heightened awareness over revenue synergies, therefore, offer an increased value premium. Need is to provide increased insight to investors on revenue synergies so that the market could present a complete perspective of the strategic reasoning and better value as an outcome (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). Revenue increase, its criticality in valuation and its provision after acquisition can be derived by dividing various sources of revenue synergy, aimed through the acquisition, such as: expansion into a new sector; expansion into a new areas; cross-selling products and services; Advantages from intangible rights and technologies; and growth in current market share. There is need of a closer insight at the difference between cost savings and revenue increase as add-ons to success, in the context of the degree of total value of the acquisition coming through revenue synergies and through cost synergies. It needs to be clear whether a pre-completion synergy appraisal requires a detailed bottom-up process or it should be a top-down high level method. Before finalisation of the in-advance synergy appraisal, it needs to be confirmed whether synergy aims are clear to all leading stakeholders (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). Normally, there is no ambiguity relatively in the difference of drivers and expectations of M&A functions changing with time and as per the ongoing economic environment. It is interesting to observe the market behaviour after the recuperation from the recession worldwide on whether companies are currently acquiring for achieving revenue synergies or cost synergies (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). When acquisition values co rrectly show possible synergies from both cost savings and revenue increase and when these are of central concern to the management after the acquisition, the results are more possible to fulfil or exceed aspirations (Griffin & Sheikh, 2012). The Kraft acquisition of Cadbury was projected to offer $1 Billion in Synergies, as declared by the Kraft Foods. The incremental revenue synergies of $1billion were excluded of $750 million to be achieved in cost synergies by 2013. These revenue synergies, according to the Kraft, would be derived from the business increase in developing regions from one/fourth of the total revenue to approximately touching one/third after the merger. A statement was made by Kraft Foods’ CFO Tim Mclevish prior to an analyst conference in New York, stating that â€Å"This combination of factors gives us great confidence that our company will generate organic revenue growth of 5% or more, margins in the mid- to high-teens and EPS growth of 9% to 11%† (Tse, 2010). The confidence of the Company management is getting reflected from the acquisition, as it expects to become a long-run high-bracket performer in the food industry world wide. Presently, the Company is earning more than 50% of its revenue from outside North America, from countries like Brazil, China, India and Mexico, where GDP and demand growth are the most firm (Tse, 2010). Kraft CEO, Irene Rosenfeld, also holds the same opinion from the â€Å"unique and complimentary combination† of Kraft and Cadbury, stating that, â€Å"

Social Reactions To Interracial Relationships

Social Reactions To Interracial Relationships The United States Supreme Court In 1967 ruled that Virginias anti-miscegenation laws were not in accord with the principles set forth in the constitution of the state and put a stop to all of the legal restrictions that were in place against marriages amongst mixed race (Erin, 2005). Since that time there has been a remarkable increase in the number of marriages amongst mix race in the United States (Lewis and Yancey, 1997), and the figures of interracial couples has also become twice as much every decade since 1960 (Killian, 2002). Statistics show that currently there are about 3 million interracial marriages, which make up 5% of all marriages in the United States, and another 2.5 million mix race couples that are dating (Hibbler and Shinew, 2002). Interracial marriages can include the combination of White, Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and any other group. However, when people talk about interracial relationships, the first things that mostly come to their mind is relationships amongst black and white (Vernellia, 1998). The rate of growth of interracial marriages is increasing by the day. In particular, the kind of interracial intermingling involving Blacks and Whites has been constantly changing. Immediately after Emancipation, the figures of black and white interracial relationships increased, got to its peak in 1900, and subsequently decrease till 1940. However, this form of union is still the least common type of mix race union (Davidson, 1992), even though the Black and White intermarriages has been on the increase since the 90s (Tucker and Mitchell-Kernan, 1990). There are a lot of reasons for the sharp increase in the figures of the different form of interracial marriages. One of the reasons is the Supreme Court decision in 1967 that made anti- miscegenation laws unconstitutional (Kalmijn, 1993). The close in the gap narrowed down between Blacks and Whites education, occupation and income (Kalmijn, 1993). Also, data from National Center for Health Statistics indicates the decrease in Whites prejudice against Blacks (Kalmijn, 1993). Further more, the increase in interracial marriage can be linked to the progress made by the Civil Rights movement, the increase in opportunities afforded Black people, and the increase in social contact between the races (Davidson, 1992). This research aim at reviewing the historical background of interracial relationship both interracial dating and marriage, and also factors attributed to relationships amongst mix race. This research also focuses on the opinions of the youth to interracial relationship in the 21th century. In general, the main aim of this piece is to examine interracial relationships, whether marriage or casual dating and the attitude of the youths towards it, taking foreign pre- masters students at ICRGU from different regions as samples. The reason for the study of different forms of relationships is because some individual rather prefer to go into a causal date, than going into a serious relationships that might lead to marriage. But this research will not only look at attitude towards interracial relationships from perspective of preference. It will look at possible points of meeting a person from another region or origin, and what might probably propel someone into such relationship base on pers onalities and compatibility. The research questions are as follows: What are the attitudes of the youths towards relationship amongst mix race in the 21th century? How popular is relationships amongst mix race. Factors affecting relationships amongst mix race. LITERATURE REVIEW This section of review on the interracial relationships will basically focus on three major tittles, which are The characters of those going into interracial relationships Theories why people marry outside of their race taking blacks and whites form of union as study sample. Social reactions to interracial relationship. To start with, characteristics of those in interracial relationships, in terms of marriage, research shows that people who interracially marry tend to be younger, likelihood of being married before, live in developed environment like cities or town, or are older in age from their spouse compared to people who married within their own race (Erin, 2005). Research founds that male and female within a particular racial group to an extent have different tendency to get married to someone outside their racial group (Erin, 2005). For instance, Black male have high records of interracial compared to black females. Also, Japanese and Native American woman have much higher numbers of interracial marriages compared to their male counterparts (Erin, 2005). In the U.S interracial marriages currently are highest in the west and lowest in the southern region. However, Hawaii breaks the normal trends of interracial marriages. Hawaii has a unique racial makeup in that no single racial group makes up more than 25% of the population and nearly 40% of all marriages interracial (Solberry, 1994). Therefore, it is significant to note that interracial couples tend to often move to more hospitable areas of the country (Tucker and Mitchellkernan, 1990). Further more, many theories have been established to explain the reasons behind people getting married to race other than their race, and success of such marriage to stand test of time. Structural theory states that marriages among mix race is more frequent in areas where community structure have been kept in place to support and authorize interracial marriages, and also community were there is increase in awareness of peoples personal decision to go into such a union. Recent attention given to interracial marriage in the media and in popular literature along with more people living and working in more integrated environments has lead to an increased acceptance of heterogeneous relationships (Hibbler and Shinew, 2002). Another predominant theory on reason people chose to marry outside of their race is the social exchange theory. Using Black-White interracial marriage for instance, social exchange theory states that when White women marry Black men, who usually are of higher economic status, they exchange the prestige of their skin color for the Black husbands higher economic status (Davidson, 1992; Kalmijn, 1993; Lewis and Yancey, 1997). However, Black women have been found to marry down in both interracial and same race unions, which seem to prove that Black-White interracial marriage is more complex than just an exchange of status (Foeman and Nance, 1999). An additional theory, which attempts to account for the union of interracial relationships, is the racial motivation theory (Kouri and Lasswell, 1993). The racial motivation theory states that many interracial marriages take place because of racial differences, not in spite of them (Kouri and Lasswell, 1993). From this view, it can be said that curiosity about differences in race, increases sexual interest or attraction to someone not of same race. This theory also says that those who intermarry may be acting in rebellion against social norms of racial endogamy and using the marriage as a way to state their independence (Kouri and Lasswell, 1993). Finally, there has been a change in the societal view of interracial marriages. Many studies have shown that there is less pressure in society today to have racially homogeneous relationships than in the past (Lewis Yancey, 1997). Never the less there are still some discriminations in some form of interracial union. Using the union of Black and White for instance, recent studies still suggest that the Black-White interracial union, especially the Black male-White female union, is still the most negatively viewed relationship type (Norment, 1994). There have been many researches on the history of discrimination against Black-White Interracial union. Today, the relationship between Blacks and Whites is seen as different from that of other minorities. When one speaks of race relations in America, the majority of people immediately think of the struggles between Black and White people (Killian, 2002; Wright et. al, 2003). Despite the dramatic increase in Black-White marriages, they are still the least favorable form of interracial marriage in America (Wade, 1991), and they are still considered to be a taboo subject by some (Harris and Kalbfleisch, 2000). According to survey carried out among Blacks and White marriage, in the study of 270 interracial couples, it was found that nearly half reported that marrying someone not from their race makes marriage difficult, while about two thirds reported that at least one of the parent objected to their marriage (Fears and Deane, 2001). Although there is increase in the tolerance of interracial couples, there are still powerful forces in society that make Black-White interracial marriage hard and unappealing (Dainton, 1999). Many Black-White interracial couples report that they face discrimination from members of their own particular race; European Americans view them as being too Black and African Americans view them as being not Black enough (Orbe, 1999). Another source of discrimination for those in interracial marriages is often the family. The majority of people in interracial marriages have said that they have had to face one or both parents express serious concern to outright disapproval of their choice to marry interracially. Most of the time , this disapproval are always expressed verbally, and in the case where couple goes on with the marriage, some certain members of the family not in support of the union might refuse to attend any important event organized by the couples, such as wedding, holiday celebrations, family reunion or even family visitation. In some extreme cases, members of interracial marriages have reported having lost all contact for years at a time with once close members of their families (Luke and Carrington, 2000). But, one part of the twos couples tend to be more acceptant than the other. Studies have also found that acceptance of interracial marriages is increasing at a rapid rate and an increasing number of interracial couples are reporting that their families have openly accepted their interracial relationship, and they feel comfortable speaking about their relationship in public (Fears Deane, 2001, Rosenblatt et. al., 1995). However, attitudes towards interracial relationships have been found to vary based on race, age, and gender. In a study of Black and White people between the ages of 21 and 40, it was reported that men have more positive attitudes towards interracial relationships compared to women, and also those that are younger have more favorable views on interracial relationships (Datzman and Gardner 2000). It was also found that the families of the Black partner in interracial relationships tend to be more accepting and supportive than the families of the White partner (Hibbler and Shinew, 2002). In another study eighty-six percent of Black respondents said that their families would welcome a White person into their family compared to only 55% of White respondents who said their families would welcome a Black person into their family (Fears Deane, 2001). This research however is not just about interracial relationships among blacks and white, the review is to build up facts associated with interracial relationship considering researches already done on different topics on interracial relationships which can help answer some of the research questions. This research aims at cutting across all forms of interracial relationships, and types of relationships, whether causal dating or marriages and associated factors that influences the opinion of people towards going into it. Also, it aims at finding the opinion of the youth towards interracial relationships in the 21th century. METHOLOGY The research targeted at getting the opinions and attitudes of the youths towards interracial relationships, whether just casual dating or marriages. Considering the limitation both time and resources, the research were conducted among international students of ICRGU who are from different parts of the world, namely, China, Nigeria and Kazakhstan. The final sample of students consist of 4 Chinese (1 males, 3 females), 3 Nigerians (2 males, 1 female), and 3 Kazakhstanis (1 male, 2 females), all between the age of 20-35. None of the participant is married. Interviews were conducted on each of the participants to explore their attitudes toward interracial relationships. Qualitative data were collected by the means of follow-up interviews with the respondents who participated in the survey. The interviews with the respondents were semi- structured interview, including general questions as well as sets of questions for individuals who either have family members or friends, or know someone who was is into interracially relationship. Generally, all the questions aimed at getting disposition towards interracial relationships, and also general opinion towards interracial relationships. DISCUSSION Over the decades now, many studies have been made on interracial relationships and so far shown many controversies. The study on interracial relationships is a wide study, but very interesting study. This research however focused on the opinion of the youths towards interracial relationships, and has been proven that there is increase in the awareness of youth towards interracial relationships, unlike in the past. The table 1 shows the numbers of participants both male and female who took part in the survey, and their opinion on whether they can go into a relationship with someone not of their race. About 60% agreed they can go into interracial relationships, while about 20% disagree not to going into interracial relationships. 20% percent others would want to, but are restricted because of some factors like family acceptance or their culture. Table 2, shows the participants general opinion towards interracial marriages, and from the table, there is a trend of acceptance in some region compared to other regions. Fig 2.1 and 2.2 shows the percentages of both male and females opinions towards interracial marriages. Figure2.1 shows individual dispositions towards interracial marriage and about 60% sounded positive of getting married to someone outside their race, and about 40% wouldnt want to get married to someone not from their race. Figure 2.2 shows the general opinion on interracial marriages, and about 90% feels nothing is wrong in going into interracial marriages, while about 10% feels interracial marriages isnt ideal. Even with challenges faced in interracial relationship, its still something one can rule out from happening. According to Mr. John, he feels with high speed travel and communication technology in this age of globalization interracial marriages will always happen irrespective of the family, cultural believes, or societal opinion. But he feels to preserve culture, interracial marriage is not ideal. Miss Ama also feels marriage has nothing to do with culture or believes. She feels as long as there is love and the both parties understand themselves, marrying each other shouldnt be a problem. She also didnt rule out difficulties that might come with the marriage such as language barriers but she said if the 2 parties are strong enough to overcome the challenges that will make them strong. Generally, from the research, it was observed most believe interracial relationships have to do with the personal decisions and feeling. According to Miss Beauty, she feels going into interracial relationship is a personal thing. She also said as long as there is respect and happiness, there is nothing wrong about interracial relationships. To add to this, Miss Ama said feeling is a thing of the mind irrespective of color, culture or religion , you dont expect it, it just happens. When happens and you feel the person is the right choice for you, you just go for it. One of the limitations in this research is the time frame. The time frame to complete this research isnt long enough to get more samples for analyzing the topic in context. The research was restricted to little numbers of participants and limited questions to elaborate more on the factors affecting opinions so as to have enough time to execute the aim of the research. However, with previous review on related research, the aim of the research was accomplished. Another limitation was the numbers of different regions availably. In the pre masters class of ICRGU where the survey was carried out, presently have students mainly from 3 countries namely, Nigeria, China, and Kazakhstan. The effect of this is that, there were limitations to cultural behaviors and believes considering the topic was generally on opinion of the youths in the 21th century, and just 3 countries were available for the survey. CONCLUSION An interracial relationship is where there is marriage, sexual or romantic relations between individuals of different races. In the past, interracial marriages were in fact taboo in some parts of the world, but with globalization there has been a change in ideology about interracial relationship. From the result of the survey, it suggests that there is increase in the awareness of interracial relationships. It also suggests there is an increase in the acceptance of going into a relationship with someone of different race. However, there are still some believes that interracial relationships, especially marriage if encourage, could lead to cultures being eradicated, in this light very few persons wont support such union so as to preserve culture. The finding in the studies also shows that about 90% of the participants feel there is nothing wrong in going into interracial relationships, as long as both parties love each other and have reasons to want to go into such relations, and also can solve their differences. There are some attitudes common to the participants of this survey which are, All participants are in their 20s and are all international students of ICRGU who are from different countries, and might want to try something new. They have been opportune to meet with other students from other countries. Considering might be the first time most of them have the opportunity to meet different people with different culture, color, background and country. They believe as long as the 2 parties are willing to pass the huddles, there is nothing wrong in interracial relationships Lastly, they feel relationship is the thing of the heart. It has nothing to do with color, culture or country. As long as the two parties can cope with their differences. There are a lot of controversies on interracial relationships because believes of every individuals varies. But according to this research, it can be said to some extent that interracial relationships is somehow accepted and there is increase in awareness. In light of the increasing rates of interracial relationship and the opinion of people towards it, there is still a great deal of research that needs to be done on this topic. One of the researches needs to discuss more on the success of interracial marriages.

President McKinley :: Biography

President McKinley   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William McKinley was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio. Niles was a small town with no railroad and few wagon roads. He was the seventh child. When he was 9 years old they moved to Poland, Ohio. He went to the schoolhouse and then entered the local academy until he was 17.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he was 18, he taught school and earned $25 a month. When vacation came he worked at the Poland post office. When the Civil War came, he enlisted. Shortly after he enlisted he was promoted to sergeant. When the war came to an end, he was a major at the age of 22.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He attended the Albany Law School and he joined a law firm in 1867. He was elected county prosecuting attorney. On January 25,1871 he married Ida Saxton. He campaigned for General Rutherford B. Hayes who was his commanding officer during the Civil War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1876 he was elected to Congress and served 7 terms. He sponsored the tin industry and in 1896 he ran for president and won. He found that the gold in the Treasury was low and he worked on obtaining more gold for the Treasury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He passed the Tariff Bill and imports and exports increased. Hawaii asked for annexation to the United States. He sent the Treaty of Annexation to the senate but they rejected it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reporting the stalemate between Spanish forces and revolutionaries in Cuba, newspapers screamed that a quarter of the population was dead and the rest suffering acutely. Public indignation brought pressure upon the President for war. Unable to restrain Congress or the American people, McKinley delivered his message of neutral intervention in April 1898. Congress thereupon voted three resolutions tantamount to a declaration of war for the liberation and independence of Cuba.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Battleship Maine was sunk, the United States declared war. During the 100 days of this war, the United States destroyed the Spanish fleet outside Santiago harbor in Cuba. Also, they seized Manila in the Philippines and occupied Puerto Rico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the victory in Manila Bay, Congress began to see the projected annexation of Hawaii differently. The Senate and the House of Representatives took a vote on making Hawaii a territory of the United States. It was passed in June by the House of Representatives and then in July by the Senate. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They abandoned the Nicaragua project in 1898 and started work on the

Mountain Man Beer CompanyBrand, Essay

MMBC is considering introducing a Mountain Man Light beer to attract younger drinkers to the brand. MMBC ultimately would like to reposition the brand to drive sales of Mountain Man Light to young people without eroding the core brand equity. The reason MMBC should consider doing this is because over the previous six years light beer sales in the U. S have been growing at a compound annual rate of 4% while traditional beer sales have been declining annually at the same rate. MMBC has been experiencing declining sales for the first time in the company’s history and needs to do something about it. For the introduction of this new light beer to succeed: †¢Mountain Man Light beer would have to not interfere with Mountain Man Lager sales and avoid the cannibalization of the original product. †¢ MMBC would have to strategically reposition themselves in a way where their brand keeps and maintains their strong image to it’s already older, blue collar, loyal customers while at the same time appealing to the younger drinkers. †¢MMBC needs to have the necessary funds to launch Mountain Man Light. †¢MMBC would need to make sure to get retailers to give them additional facings. MMBC’s goals should be to stop declining sales and solve whatever problem that’s causing lost sales, and maintaining a strong brand image while looking for marketing opportunities as well as promoting the growth of the company. To make the right decision MMBC needs to remember what has led them to be a successful brewing company. MMBC’s reputation of quality beer along with a unique flavorful taste has led the company to have a respectable market share for an old school, regional brewery and strong brand loyalty from its customers. Over the years MMBC has relied on its history and status as an independent, family owned brewery to create a certain authenticity and position the beer with its core drinkers (blue collar, middle-to-lower income men over age 45). MMBC has been recognized as one of the best beers in the nation many times leading to a strong brand awareness among working-class males in the East Central region. MMBC differentiated themselves strategically by using grass-roots marketing to spread its beer quality message by word of mouth, MMBC knows that they are not as big as Anheuser Busch and they don’t try to be. With a strong loyal customer MMBC’s brand loyalty rate is higher than the rates of competitive products. All of these factors and strategies have led MMBC to create a strong brand. In spite of its strong brand, MMBC’s decline is due to many factors. The first reason for this decline is that there has been a turn down in the beer sales in the whole US. The cause for this turn down is consumer’s acquired preference towards wines and spirits based drinks. Also, light beer sales in the US have been growing at a prospering rate of 4%, thus decreasing conventional premium beer sales by the equivalent percentage. Light beer sales accounted for 50. 4% of volume sales in 2005, compared with 29. 8% in 2001. This has definitely declined MMBC’s sale since they don’t offer a â€Å"light† beer category. Finally younger drinkers ages 21 to 27, which are not MMBC’s target market, account for more than 27% of total beer consumption and is still growing. In addition, this age group spent twice as much per capita on alcoholic beverages than consumers over 35 years of age.

Individuals That Indulge In Sociopathic, Criminal, And Antisocial Behaviorâ€Nature Or Nurture Essay

The controversy between nature and nurture as related to the human behavior can be dated back to the 13th century and from that time there has been continued debate regarding the source of human personality. The debate is based on issue of whether the human personality develops from inheritance (nature) or from the environment in which human beings are raised (nurture). Due to the above controversy there has been a lot of research carried out and this has resulted to the belief held by most people today that the human personality is influenced by both the nature and nurture. This belief has been known as ‘interactionism’ and scholars in most of the fields believe in the concept. Adoption, Twin and family Studies A great debate between researchers has come up regarding the outcomes of families, adoption and birth of twins. Some researchers argue that there is a genetic basis to criminal behavior while others argue that there is no enough evidence in the cases of adoption, twin births and family status to show that genes play a crucial role in the development of antisocial or criminal traits. Twin studies are conducted to compare the rates of criminal behavior among identical twins and fraternal twins so as to study the role played by genes and environmental influences on the behavior of an individual. According to Joseph, 2001, there is a high degree of heritability in the behavior of fraternal and identical twins. This study was very important because it assessed the issue of different environments among twins because the twins were raised under different environments. The research concluded that hereditary factors play a less significant role in development of antisocial and criminal behaviors (Joseph, 2001; 179-218). Adoption studies have also been carried out to study the relationship between adoptive kids and their foster and biological parents because the studies separate nature and nurture. The relationship between environmental and genetic influences on antisocial behavior has also been studied by family studies although the results have been the least accepted compared to the others because of the high level of difficulty in separating nurture and nature in the family. Neurochemicals in Sociopathic, Criminal and Antisocial Behavior  According to Elliot, 2000 neurochemichals play a significant role in activating behavior patterns in a definite area of the brain. Research has been carried out to determine the role played by neurochemicals in influencing antisocial and criminal behaviors and it has been found out that there is a genetic component in the development of antisocial and criminal behavior. Recently there has been study of personality disorders in individuals who seem to develop criminal or antisocial behaviors and these have also been seen to influence human behavior (Elliot, 2000; pp. 9-21). Environmental influences Researchers have agreed that genes have a significant influence on the antisocial or criminal behavior of an individual. However, researchers have also agreed that there is need to assess the environmental component as this may also influence development of criminal and antisocial behaviors in human beings. The family environment is very important to the development of a child and if there are problems within the family then it is obvious that the child will suffer the consequences. Researchers have argued that the environment within a family influences the behavior of the child and the major risk factors within a family are family structure, poverty, level of education within the family and the parenting practices (Schmitz, 2003; 835-840). Families that have weak bonds and poor communications within the family are known to have a higher likelihood of children developing antisocial and criminal behavior. It is then obvious to conclude that those families that are not financially stable, those who have more children and those families where it is difficult to punish kids consistently will create an environment likely to create antisocial or criminal behavior among the kids. Children who were neglected or abused during their younger days are 0. 5 times more likely to develop antisocial or criminal behavior as compared to those kids who received care and were not abuse (Holmes et al, 2001; pp. 183-192). Another finding in the research on the influences of environmental and genetic findings on the development of antisocial or criminal behavior is age. Research has shown that both in children and adults, the environment is the major significant factor that influences their criminal and antisocial behaviors. Heritability has been seen to influence the behavior of adults more than the environment. Adults have the ability to choose the environment that they want to stay unlike kids and adolescents and this accounts for the high influence of environment on the behavior of kids and adolescents as compared to adults. Another factor that influences the development of sociopathic, criminal and antisocial behavior mostly in adolescents is peer group influence. The major reason as to why peer influences affects the antisocial and criminal behavior can be seen in the violent behavior common in young children which extends to their peers in the same school or neighborhood. This kind of a relationship is likely to be carried over to the adolescence stage and in some instances to the adult stage. The peers create an environment in which they tend to influence each other on matters concerning behavior and if their behavior is antisocial behavior the peer end up influencing others to adopt the behavior (Holmes et al, 2001; 183-195). So as to explain the way in which environment can influence the behavior of an individuals researchers use social learning theory. This means that a child will observe sociopathic, criminal or antisocial behavior from the parents or siblings although in some cases both the parents and the siblings. As a result of observing the aggressive behavior the kids believe that the behavior is normal and that there is no mistake in behaving just like the parents (Miles & Carey, 1997; pp. 207-217). Gene-Environment interactions Researchers have realized that there are theories related to genetic and environmental influences that show a clear interaction between the two factors and one major theory is the normal stimulation theory of criminality. This theory suggests an interaction between a group of factors that are combined of the genes and the environment; this factors lead to development of criminality among individuals. The theory argues that the individuals acquire a nervous system that does not respond to low levels of stimulation and therefore the individual has to find the right stimulation so as to increase their arousal and the stimulation includes activities that lead to antisocial, sociopathic or criminal behaviors (Miles & Carey, 1997; pp. 207-217). Conclusion There has not been enough evidence to strongly conclude that genes play a more significant role in shaping the behavior of those individual who indulge in sociopathic, criminal and antisocial behavior as compared to the environmental factors. The studies that have been carried out have shown that there is a high degree difficulty in trying to separate nature and nurture and therefore there is need to carry out research to clearly define the influence of environmental and genetic factors on the behavior of individuals. At this point it is wise to conclude that both the environmental and genetic factors play significant roles in shaping the behavior of individuals.

How To Get More Followers On Social Media With 30 Awesome Tips

How To Get More Followers On Social Media With 30 Awesome Tips How on earth do they do it? How do your favorite brands, bloggers, and personalities get more followers that seem to be raging, shout-it-from-the-rooftops fans? It feels like social media  followers  just flock to these people, naturally, with no effort from them whatsoever. And all the  while, you’re here, working your backside off, just to pick up a follow or a like or a mention from someone. It’s frustrating, isn’t it? But today, that frustration is going to melt away. You’re about to learn how to get more followers on  your social networks in a very scientific way. And youre going to unlock those industry secrets that are going to skyrocket you to more people, better conversions, and better customer experiences. Here we go How To Get More Followers With 21 Ways That Will Boost Your #SocialMedia Traffic 1. Post After Lunch To Reach More People Research from Chartbeat shows 3 p.m. to 1 a.m. is the optimal time to share on social media, with social traffic being at its highest in the late afternoon: While there is still mileage in posting through the morning (more on that next), schedule the updates you want to convert most with, like blog posts, in this time window. 2. Find The Best Times For You To Share To Social Media It's a generality to say that posting in the afternoon is the best way to grow your audience. But there are better times to post on social media than others. To find out  when your own audience is active on social networks, grab this Google Analytics custom report  we custom-built for you with love from . :) It'll tell you when your  current audience is clicking through to read your content. That  will help you understand what your most popular social networks are so you can use your time more effectively. You'll be able to share your content even  smarter. So let's use your own data to strategically choose the best times to share.  First, choose the blog you'd like to apply the report to: That report  doesn't look like much at first, but right off the bat you'll see which networks are your most popular ones: When you click through to see the data for each network, you'll see the best days to post on that network. Take it one step further and click through on those days, you'll see the best times to post on that network, too. That Google Analytics custom report  will work with your own data that comes directly from your audience. Use it to schedule your social messages at the best times to increase your traffic and opportunity  to get more  re-shares that could help you get more followers. 3.  Share More Often To Get More Followers The folks  over at Beevolve recently posed the question: If you tweet more, will you get  more followers? And, well, the short answer is yes: The more you share, the more followers you will get. But as the boffins over at Buffer noted, this could be for a few reasons: You become more practiced and effective at tweeting. You’re more active and can interact with more people. You have a larger volume of valuable tweets for people to interact with. But while it’s not clear whether this is correlation or causation, it doesn’t really matter. Tweeting more will increase the amount of followers you have in one way or another. Just be sure you’re not only updating about yourself†¦ 4. Inform For 2x More Followers In the world of social media, you’re unknowingly categorized into two separate camps: Meformers: People who talk only about themselves. Like your friend Dan and his incessant lunch updates. Informers: People who bring value to the table. The updates of a meformer are inward looking and have more of the feel of a broadcast: While an informer shares outward-looking, valuable information- a little like this: Now there is nothing wrong with being a meformer. It’s fine to do that for your friends and family on your personal accounts, like the other 80% of meformers out there. However, if you do want to get more followers, Rutgers university found that informers have 2x more followers because their updates and content are of value to the reader. Think of it a little in the terms of blogging. You wouldn’t write a post where you only say, I  or me  all the way through it. And you’re probably not going to tell them about your cousin's latest drunken mishap either. So focus on curating valuable, outward-facing social messages  with a personal touch. Those who inform get 2x more followers. #blogging #smm5. Be Positive, Always Being quintessentially British, this is a bitter pill for me to swallow. But, the data doesn’t lie. Dan Zarrella’s research found that the more negative remarks you make, the fewer  followers you'll get: Not only does positivity help you get more followers, Neil Patel also analyzed data that suggests people are much more likely  to share positive content, especially when it connects to these emotions: Curiosity Amazement Interest Astonishment Uncertainty Get the followers and shares your content deserves by sharing positive social messages. 6. You Have One Hour To Keep A Follower According to Lithium, 52% of people who Tweet your brand  expect you to respond within one hour (even if you're a solo blogger, you're a brand). And, if that’s a complaint, it jumps right up to 72%. If you don’t respond, they’re likely to punish you by either negative word-of-mouth, unfollowing, or other means. While if you do respond in a timely manner: 34% are likely to buy more from you. 43% are likely to spread positive word of mouth. 38% will be more open to your advertisements. 42% will share your good work with their friends. That means  not only is responding quickly good for your business now, it’s good for lead generation and the future of getting more followers. 7. Cash In On Daily Trends While it might not be fitting for your business to share your Man Crush Monday (David Beckham, always), it turns out there is actually an optimal day for everything on social media: Pinterest research found that different days of the week had different connotations for people. For example, starting the week off on a positive high with fitness and ending with chilled food and crafts. Your feed might not fit all of these categories. But, there are specifics like quotes or humor you can use no matter your industry: 8. Take Care Of The Little Guy You want power users to interact with your content. I know every time Jeff Goins likes or comments me on Facebook, I do a little fan-boy giggle. But the truth, as confirmed by Mention, is that 91% of the people who talk about your brand will have less than 500 followers: You’ve just seen that responding to the people who mention you can have a big impact on your business and conversion success. So, no matter who gets in touch with you, be sure to acknowledge them. 9. Use Large Twitter Cards For 3x More Interactions Research from Canva and BuzzSumo found that large Twitter summary cards create 3x more interactions than any other form of card: While you may not  be able to use these for every update because it’s code that has to be embedded into your page, it’s beneficial for: Blog posts Promotions Surveys Generation tools Sales pages Where you can display them in a larger, more informative manner, like this one: To get this card, simply head to this developer page and copy this  code: Head over to your post in WordPress, hit the Text tab, and paste  it in at the bottom of your post: Then edit the sections inside the quotation marks. So, for this post, the code would look like: meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" meta name="twitter:site" content="@" meta name="twitter:creator" content="@j4meswrites" meta name="twitter:title" content="Boost Your Followers Using Science" meta name="twitter:description" content="Want a scientific way to boost the amount of Social Media followers you have? Look no further..." meta name="twitter:image" content="http://.com/image-for-this-post-example-only" Reaching more people will inevitably help you get more followers. 10. Add Images To Facebook Updates For 2.3x More Engagement The decline in Facebook organic page reach has thrown a big wrench  in the engine  for social marketers. But, there are still some real glimmers of hope out there. That same research from Canva and BuzzSumo also found that adding images to your Facebook updates will give you 2.3x more engagement. Be sure to do this by uploading the image on its own, too. That way,  it goes into your Facebook post through the add photo’s function as opposed  to being pulled from the code on your post: 11. Use Video To Reach More People While photo posts are great for engagement, Facebook is slowly taking away the ability to reach more followers. In fact, it now has the lowest organic reach of any type of update, with video getting more than double that reach. You don’t have to be the one who  created that video content, either. You just need to upload it. Facebook might have been the start, but you can now experiment with video on tons of networks: Twitter, Pinterest, LinkedIn, and Google+ (well, YouTube) all have ways to use video to reach your audience. 12. Images Are Still King On Twitter, Though In a study of over 4,000,000 tweets, Stone Temple Consulting found that tweets with images had more than double the retweets  and almost double the likes  of those that didn’t contain images: More retweets equals more exposure. More exposure means more engaged followers. That’s a win/win right there. 13. Keep More Followers By Not Bulk Posting A big part of getting more  followers is keeping the ones you’ve already got; but if you’re guilty of bulk posting (I am), that could be problematic. Research from KAIST university in South Korea found that a big factor for people unfollowing is leaving too many posts at any one time: The survey participants unfollowed those who left many tweets within a short time, created tweets about uninteresting topics, or tweeted about the mundane details of their lives. So, take advantage of social scheduling  tools like   to space out your (exciting) posts across days, weeks, or even months instead of posting multiples at once. 14. Freebies + Offers = Fans + Followers A survey from Nielsen noted that... 52% of people who follow brands do it to learn about offers 38% follow to take part in competitions 33% do so to get access to freebies ...which is a lot of your follower base. In fact, more than  half of them are primed and ready to buy from or engage with you. So take advantage and let them spread the word for you at the same time. Create a competition or offer that involves retweets and shares, and you’ve got a campaign that will draw attention. 15. The 5 Essential Emotions Of Any Social Campaign There’s no way around it. The more shares, mentions, likes, and retweets your social campaign gets, the more followers you’re going to pick up along the way. But, what most social campaigns miss out on is emotion. And by doing that, you miss out on a huge opportunity to get more  followers. The big-wigs at Harvard studied marketing campaigns and the emotions that make them go viral. The results? Each campaign evoked at least one of these five: Admiration Interest Serenity Amazement Astonishment You’ll normally find you can combine two or three of these into any social media message. At the least, your headlines or content should create interest. If you want to see almost all of these encompassed in one sentence, look at this excellent piece of copy from Slavery Footprint: 16. Use The 3 Most Shareable Colors On The Internet I recently researched what makes the most shareable images on social media, and there  was some fascinating research in there. One of the standouts was this: Researchers at Georgia Tech studied over 1,000,000 images on Pinterest and discovered that using red, pink and purple in your graphics got you the most shares and interactions. Because, well, they’re deep visceral colours that create emotions like sexual arousal and failure in people. Try incorporating these colors into your next social media image by making them the focal point of your text, or the main image. The results could shock you. 17. Analyze Your Competitors (And Steal Their Followers) KissMetrics ran an interesting study about how to steal your competitor's followers. One of the most interesting aspects of that study- that you can use right now- is approaching their neglected fans. By running a competitor's Facebook page through FanPage Karma, you can see an analysis of Facebook trends, habits, and posting schedules. But, more importantly, you can see how that competitor  interacts with their audience. And, you’ll see that a lot of pages neglect their fans: And you’ll find that most of these pages are in the 60%+ for neglecting their fans' comments. So, you can swoop in by: Interacting with these people. Providing insights or answers the company  isn't. Building a community presence. Then you can  usher them back to your page without having to be all comment-link-spammy about it. 18. Be Authoritative About Who You Are Most people like authority, it’s just built into them. And, that’s been proven time and time again throughout history. But now it’s also come to the realm of social media. Dan Zarrella found that people who identify themselves as an authority have many more followers than people who don’t. So, don’t be humble in your profile. Identify yourself as who you are in the best possible light, just like you would on your resume. Knowing what you know now about meformers and informers, which of these sounds more appealing? Daydreamer, coffee enthusiast and author Writer, speaker, and the official author of the Blog The second one, of course. Because while the other is nice and accessible, the latter lets you make an instant decision on whether someone is worth following. 19. That Being Said, It’s Appearances That Really Matter†¦ OKCupid discovered that what you write about yourself on their dating site is less than 10% of what someone thinks about you. The other 90% is your profile pictures. And, that’s not just a stat that applies to dating sites either. It works for social media too. As Rand Fishkin found, having a brightly colored background  on your profile picture can make a big impact on the amount of followers you will get. Buffer’s extensive research into the psychology of profile pictures also validates that,  too. But you might be thinking, â€Å"I can’t have a profile picture like that; I’m a business†. For you, a simple logo picture will still be effective. And you can get creative with it, too, like KLM have done here: 20. Jump On The #Hashtag Bandwagon As much as you might think hashtags are a little silly, especially when you see them for toothpaste or toilet paper, they’re actually an incredible marketing tool. And, they can help you get more  followers much more effectively. Hashtags are  not only a big part of how we use social media; they’ve even started to become part of how you speak. Or, at least those up-to-date on popular lingo. More importantly, as Linchpin SEO shows, using hashtags  can help you get 2x  more engagement among other benefits: And, if you want to take a leaf from Marsha Collier's book, you can join in the conversation other people are having on your hashtag, like she does with the hashtag #custserv. Tuesday Customer Service Chat 9pET Is social customer service faster and better than other channels?#custserv pic.twitter.com/Eq4EnjbY9H Marsha Collier (@MarshaCollier) February 1, 2016 21. Post Milestones To Boost Your Organic Reach Post Planner picked up on a piece of information from Business Insider and Facebook that could seriously help you boost the amount of people you can reach there. Apparently, when you use the word, congratulations, more people pick up on your post. But this also appears to have carried on over to other milestones, too, such as: Weddings Graduations Landmark trips Babies or birthdays Awards And it doesn’t appear to just be speculation, either. When I posted a recent update about visiting Machu Picchu, a milestone event in my life, the engagement I got was huge: That  is much more engagement than my standard post at 12 to  20 likes a time. Some of these likes and comments came from people I hadn’t interacted with in years on Facebook, too. Other travelers, I was with reported getting 200 to 300 more interactions than normal on their Machu Picchu posts also. Post Planner also saw similar results from landmark posts when they looked at the most viral posts from Facebook’s top 50 brands, too. BONUS: 9 New Tips From The Team 22. Write Super-Catch Social Media Copy What you write on social media matters. So does how you write on social media. It's common to see social media copywriting faux pas. Brands, in particular, have a tendency to write sales-driven posts that simply aren't engaging. So, what's a marketer to do? Get good at writing exceptional post copy. Spend time crafting your posts. Don't just slap the first thing you think of on your social channels and call it a day. Here are a few pointers: Avoid anything that sounds like SPAM or includes a hard call-to-action (especially on Facebook). Try to keep your post lengths reasonable. Make use of image text. Best practices for this vary by network. However, using images to tell more of the story can make it easier to write clear, crisp, and concise posts. Here's a great example of this last point from Gary Vaynerchuk: This post does two things well: His post copy is short and catchy ... ... and it ties in nicely with the image text. The social sharing stats are proof this resonated with his audience too. 23. Reach Out To New And Interesting People It's easy to forget that social media is about being, well, social. That seems weird when you say it out loud. If social media is about connecting with others, then why do  so many brands seem so self-absorbed? The answer is because they often place sales first and conversation second. What they fail to realize, however, is they have that equation backwards. The solution here is simple: talk to people. Respond to all your Facebook comments. Tweet a shout-out to someone you think is crushing it out there. Whatever you do, don't just talk about yourself. This gets back to being an informer instead of a me-former. TIP: You don't have to wait for someone to talk to you first. Go out there and strike up a conversation. Twitter is a particularly great network for this. 24. Follow Others Everyone wants an enormous tribe of loyal social media followers. However, you have to give a little too here. Follow other accounts in your industry and people who follow your brand. This accomplishes two things: It makes it easier to monitor what your followers are talking about on social media (so you can create content that addresses those interests). It prevents you from looking anti-social. This is especially true on Twitter.  Just be sure to stay within Twitter's best practices. The more accounts you're following, the more opportunity you have to make connections with others. Stay within reason  and follow accounts you genuinely find interesting, and  you'll attract more and similar followers. 25. Add Shareable Content To Blog Posts This simply means incorporating graphics that can easily be shared socially on their own. For example, consider adding infographics or quote graphics that add context to your blog post, but can also tell a complete story on their own. This is a tactic we use at all the time. It's a great way to get more mileage from your efforts, and also provides you with the kind of easily shareable content that can attract more followers. 26. Be Consistent This should be a no-brainer. However, posting consistently is often tough for overworked content marketers and social media managers. Using a tool (such as or others) can help you maintain  a consistent  posting schedule across all your social channels. This is essential for engaging, retaining, and growing an audience. However, that's not all it means to be consistent. It's also important that your messaging remain consistent across networks too.   If you're building a cross-channel campaign, it's also important to ensure all messages on all networks  support  the same  overarching campaign theme.  If you say one thing on Facebook, you don't want to say something contradictory on Twitter (for example). Once again, we'll let Gary Vaynerchuk demonstrate this point: 27. Include Social Sharing Buttons On Your Blog And Website It's frustrating to read a great article, only to find there are no convenient social media buttons to share it with your followers. Including social sharing buttons in optimal locations on your pages makes it easier for readers to share your content. That, in turn, increases your ability to reach more people and grow your following. 28. Sometimes, You Gotta Pay To Play Paid promotion works well on social media when done correctly. In fact, Twitter even provides guidelines on how to build campaigns specifically to gain followers. 29. Use A Plugin Click-to-tweet plugins add attractive tweet boxes into blog posts for easy sharing. If you've been following our blog for a while, you've probably seen these in each post we publish (including this one). Here's an example of what they look like: Build your social media following with these 30 tips:Including click-to-tweet buttons makes it easy for readers to share your posts effortlessly. Here are two WordPress plugin options to consider: by (hey, we made this!)   by Warfare Plugins  (another excellent option from our friends) Both of these plugins are easy to use and can help attract Twitter followers (provided your posts are worth sharing). 30. Include Social Media Links In Your Email Signature You're probably sending plenty of emails to folks in your industry. Why not give them an easy way to find your company on social media? Drop some links to your brand's social profiles in your email signature for a quick win. If you use Outlook, it's even possible to add actual social media icons to your signature. Now You Know How To Get More Followers To Grow Your Traffic Okay, you’ve been hit with a lot of data there. But all of it is easy to do and super  valuable to help you get more followers on any social media channel. It doesn’t matter if you’re starting from scratch, or trying to increase your six-figure audience base, all of this data when applied will help you: Reach more people. Convert more people to your content or site. Get more social shares and authority. Now, the only question that remains is, which one are you going to start with to get more followers? Let me know in the comments!

Effects of Depth and Sediment Concentration on the Penetration of Photosynthetically essays

Effects of Depth and Sediment Concentration on the Penetration of Photosynthetically essays Effects of Depth and Sediment Concentration on the Penetration of Photosynthetically Introduction The purpose of this study plan is to measure the effects of light on sedimentary particles in water. This study plan will include information pertaining to equipment, procedures, and analysis. This plan will also discuss problems that could arise during the sampling. Objectives The objective of this study is to observe whether sedimentary accumulation at various depths will effect the penetration of light energy. One reason for monitoring light penetration is to determine if sufficient energy is available for photosynthesis. This energy is effected by the amount of sedimentation that is suspended in the water. In order to ensure the data's scientific validity this study needs to include the main principles. These include selecting a control; a control will be the measurement that all other data is compared to. Second, the selection of the sample sites must be non-bias and random. This ensures that the experiments are not predictable or foreseeable. Finally the experiments must be described in great detail so that they can be replicated at a later date. Literature Energy is distributed throughout the worlds oceans in several usable forms. The heat transmitted during absorption is responsible for ocean waves, temperature and currents. Light penetration in water will measure in units of quanta. This measurement refers to the amount of sunlight that penetrates the water at various depths. The light energy is absorbed and scattered by suspended particles, dissolved substances, and the water itself (USGS). Other factors include attenuation coefficient: rate at which light decreases with depth. This means that each site studied may have a different attenuation coefficient. An example of a high coefficient would indicate a rapid decrease in light penetration, therefore, high sedimentation. Another factor to be aware o...

Kindergarten Bigger and Smaller Math Lesson Plan

Kindergarten Bigger and Smaller Math Lesson Plan Students will compare two objects and use the vocabulary bigger/smaller, taller/shorter, and more/less to describe their respective attributes. Class: Kindergarten Duration: 45 minutes each during two class periods Materials: Cereal (Cheerios or something else with similar pieces)Used pencils and/or crayonsManipulatives such as unifix cubes and/or Cuisenaire rodsPrepared booklets (see below)Pictures of cookies or fruit in various sizes Key Vocabulary: more than, less than, bigger, smaller, taller, shorter Objectives: Students will compare two objects and use the vocabulary bigger/smaller, taller/shorter, and more/less to describe their respective attributes. Standards Met:  K.MD.2. Directly compare two objects with a measurable attribute in common, to see which object has â€Å"more of†/â€Å"less of† the attribute, and describe the difference. For example, directly compare the heights of two children and describe one child as taller/shorter. Lesson Introduction If you want to bring in a large cookie or cake to divide among the class, they will be very engaged in the introduction! Otherwise, a picture will do the trick. Tell them the story of â€Å"You cut, you choose,† and how that is how many parents tell their children to divide things in half so no one gets a bigger slice. Why would you want a bigger slice of cookie or cake? Because then you get more! Step-by-Step Procedure On the first day of this lesson, show pictures to students of cookies or fruit. Which cookie would they want to eat, if this looks good to them? Why? Highlight the language of â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† - if something looks yummy, you’ll want the bigger portion, if it doesn’t look good, you’ll probably ask for the smaller portion. Write â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† on the board.Pull the unifix cubes out and let students make two lengths - one that is obviously bigger than the other. Write the words â€Å"longer† and â€Å"shorter† on the board and have students hold up their longer stack of cubes, then their shorter stack of cubes. Do this a couple of times until you are sure that they know the difference between longer and shorter.As a closing activity, have students draw two lines - one longer, and one shorter. If they want to get creative and make one tree that is bigger than another, that’s fine, but for some that don’t like to draw, they can use the simple lines to illustrate the concept.On the next day, review the pictures students did at the end of the day - hold a few good examples up, and review bigger, smaller, taller, shorter with the students. Call some student examples to the front of the classroom and ask who is â€Å"taller†. The teacher is taller than Sarah, for example. So that means that Sarah is what? Sarah must be â€Å"shorter† than the teacher. Write â€Å"taller† and â€Å"shorter† on the board.Hold out some Cheerios in one hand, and fewer pieces in the other. If you were hungry, which hand would you want?Pass out booklets to students. These can be made as easy as taking four pieces of paper and folding them in half and stapling them. On two facing pages, it should say â€Å"more† and â€Å"less†, then on two other pages â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† and so on, until you have filled the book. Students should take some time to draw pictures that represent these concepts. Pull students aside in small groups of three or four to write a sentence that describes their picture. Homework/Assessment: Have students and their parents add pictures to the booklet. Evaluation: The final booklet can be used to evaluate the understanding that the students have, and you can also discuss their pictures with them as you pull them in small groups.

HR practice and consultance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HR practice and consultance - Term Paper Example The study will be based upon the consultancy process of the HRM. It will evaluate the ‘gaining entry to the organisation’ and other aspects in the hiring process. Different kinds of approaches of the consultancy process will be evaluated and discussed which will best suit the organisation. Overview Consultancy Process Human resource professional’s most important task is related to hiring of the employees along with other job responsibilities. In the HR process, finding the right candidate or qualified applicant for a particular job, filling the vacancy, upgrading the positions, creating new job, promoting employees and other necessary activities are the vital parts for the selection of the right applicant (University of Virginia, 2010). In order to get a clear understanding about the consultancy process, it would be better to take up a particular organisation. For this purpose the UK based multinational company, BP Plc, has been considered. It is a multi-national organisation that operates in the oil, gas and energy industry globally. There are thirty strategic performing units and other specialist support functioning departments. There are problems faced by the BP Plc such as shortage of professionals in the energy sector. Without appropriate number of personnel in this sector, it will be hard to uplift the future. Skilful and expert personnel are required. This gap can be bridged with the appropriate consultancy process that will assist in providing framework for the entry to the organisation (BP PLC, 2010). Entry to the Organisation The entry to the organisation is the initial phase in any consulting process. During this phase the interaction between the applicant and the HR manager takes place, where the HR tries to acquire knowledge about the applicant as much as possible. The outcomes of the consulting, discussion, and the planning phase are then presented in the consulting contract. The signature of the applicant with the HR manager c oncludes the initial phase (Kubr, M & International Labour Office, 2002). In the phase of distinctive consulting intervention, the client and consultant execute a set of activities that are necessary for the achievement of desired changes and purposes. The activities that are involved are generally known as the ‘consulting processes’. The process is well defined and has clear beginning and end which assist in relationship building. Between the initial phase and the end phase, there are several phases that aid both the client and the consultant to be methodical and systematic, from operations to operations proceeding from one phase to another (BSC, 2002). Processes or Phases of the Consultancy Process There are various phases or ways of subdividing the consultancy process that are found generally in different kind of literatures by various authors. There are many instigators who have provided several phases in the process that range from three to ten. For the BP Plc, whi ch is an organisation belonging to the energy sector; a simple five-phase model would be suitable that consists of the â€Å"comprising entry, diagnosis, action planning, implementation and termination†

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Accountability in Public Sector - Essay Example Accountability refers to the answerability, liability, expectation and blameworthiness related to account giving by an entity or a sector. Accountability in the public sector also refers to the same and acts as a key component of governance and ethics in the public sector entities. The public sector is tightly regulated through different policies related to reporting and governance, administration and implementation processes associated with the scope of employment position and role and also encompassing the mandate to explain, report and remain answerable to the different criteria and consequences of reporting. Accountability in the public sector is ensured through the development of suitable policies formulated and implemented for accounting, corporate governance practices and administrative practices . Impacts of concepts like New Public Management on the accountability framework in the modern democracyAccountability generation has always been one of the main objectives of Public sector Management (PSM). Public sector management has experienced several transformation over the past decade with new system of governance and managerialism like the public administration policies related to New Public Management (NPM) being introduced in this sector . The New Public Management (NPM) is established for facilitating improvements on the traditional public sector administration systems. While the traditional public sector management system was oriented towards adhering to the structure and tenure of the hierarchical authority.

Biography of Copernicus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biography of Copernicus - Research Paper Example After attaining the age of eighteen, Copernicus was sent for further studies in the University of Bologna (Weatherly 47). His uncle had excellent connections not only in Poland, but also in other foreign countries around Europe. This made it easier for him to secure Copernicus’s place at the prestigious University of Bologna. Astronomy was widely considered as one of the most important subjects of study among priests and clerics. Roman Catholics believed that astronomy would enhance the priests’ abilities to forecast the future. Additionally, it was considered as an essential area of knowledge for interpreting events. This ensured that Copernicus gad to study astronomy. While at the University of Bologna, Copernicus also studied mathematics and advanced sciences. It is during his time in Italy that he questioned some heliocentric principles that had been formulated by other scholars. This formed an excellent basis of his research. He learnt a lot from his professor at the university and also applied this knowledge in his research work after moving back to Poland. His findings and theoretical formulations on the heliocentric model were not published until a few days to his death in 1543 (Andronik 69). While his findings had some flaws, they were immensely crucial towards future studies in astronomy and earth sciences at large. The contributions of Copernicus to astronomy are evident in his heliocentric theory. Within the framework of this theory, Copernicus stipulated that the earth revolves around the sun. This is one of the most significant aspects of astronomy. During the 1400s and 1500s, people believed that the earth was the center of the universe. However, the extensive research work of Copernicus was instrumental towards addressing this misconception. At first, this stipulation was considered as highly controversial. However, additional research and studies by other scientists helped in validating

God sees everything Discuss the importance of vision and blindness in Essay

God sees everything Discuss the importance of vision and blindness in 'The Great Gatsby' - Essay Example This paper will particularly discuss the importance of the concepts of vision and blindness in the novel. The Great Gatsby presents a complex vision of the interrelation between impulses, and its final meaning resides in an understanding of the nature of that relationship. This brings us to the fact that in the novel, women are portrayed as the object of such impulses and therefore, a key to understanding such thesis. According to Judith Fetterly (1978), the American literature in regard to the romantic nostalgia set store on the sense of wonder, which is intimately and expectedly paired with a sense of loss and that women are usually used as counters to these emotions. (p. 75) Fitzgerald’s vision of lost America is widely regarded as the same with Gatsby’s vision of Daisy. In the male mind, which is collectively those of Gatsby, Carraway and Fitzgerald’s, the impulse to wonder is instinctively associated with the image of woman, and the ensuing gambits of the romantic imagination are played out in female metaphors. What this means for us is that in the novel, Gatsby is the incarnation of the American visionary and his story is the chronicle of the quintessential â€Å"American dream† with Daisy herself as America, like the old island that flowered once for the Dutch sailor eyes - the freshest green breast of the new world. (Fitzgerald p. 140) She was the conscious and subconscious focus of Gatsby’s visions and actions. The â€Å"green light† in the novel further provided insight in this regard. At the end of Chapter I, Nick Carraway, lingered on the lawn for sometime, under the stars, and became aware that Gatsby was there, too: I decided to call on him†¦ But I didn’t†¦ for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone – he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, as far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a

Women Management Issues in Fisheries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women Management Issues in Fisheries - Essay Example Related to these initiatives, a significant up-and-coming research focus is the ways that fishers' (and other usual resource users) information is created and how it expand in a society. Another up-and-coming area of attention involves questions that center on how protection and management practices expand in a society (see the other aid to this issue). This research highlights these issues in the context of the women management fisheries of the Canadian region of Newfoundland plus Labrador. Furthermore, these fisheries, by means of dynamic, global, profitable histories stretching back over 500 years, are considerably dissimilar from numerous of the fisheries that have been the focus of research about resource users' local or customary ecological information. While studying facts production and modify in these fisheries provides an chance to discover local knowledge creation and growth and their affiliation to conservation and management where fishing as a livelihood is strongly woven into the social, educational, and financial fabric of the community, yet where varied fisheries have become ever more market-driven, technically intense, methodically managed,' capital rigorous, and are operating in the context of thespian and rapid ecological transform (Grafton, R. Q. 2003). The principal goal of this research here, though, is to highlight the difficulty and vitality of the socio environmental network in which the fishers of Newfoundland plus Labrador today are embedded (and the implications thereof for their knowledge) by focusing on the rich detail that can appear from a focus on one personage. We chose Jack since he exhibited a sure pattern we wished to discover further. In general, fishery strategies for woman in Newfoundland were directed until lately towards industrialization, 'professionalization,' and an more and more technical approach to management (Sinclair, 1987; Wright, 2001). To a few degrees, Jack is one of those who most modified to this hegemonic philosophy, and is consequently an interesting case. Additionally, as noted, he and others like him have been in commission in a background of quick and considerate ecological modifying. The pattern of change over Jack's career, in our view, has implications not only for our understanding of the expansion of LEK, but also for the relationship flanked by LEK and science and woman management, and for the growth of management and management procedures. Women plays vital role in the wake of cod stock collapses; numerous have begun to question the legality of stock appraisal science and the quota management approaches it is planned to support. In part to retain their authority, the Canadian government has begun to signal a transfer towards (re)counting fishers and their information in management, though it is fundamentally unclear how this will play out in practice (Murray et al., forthcoming). We agree that good management for fish harvesters and their LEK can and ought to play a more important role in technical research and in

God sees everything Discuss the importance of vision and blindness in Essay

God sees everything Discuss the importance of vision and blindness in 'The Great Gatsby' - Essay Example This paper will particularly discuss the importance of the concepts of vision and blindness in the novel. The Great Gatsby presents a complex vision of the interrelation between impulses, and its final meaning resides in an understanding of the nature of that relationship. This brings us to the fact that in the novel, women are portrayed as the object of such impulses and therefore, a key to understanding such thesis. According to Judith Fetterly (1978), the American literature in regard to the romantic nostalgia set store on the sense of wonder, which is intimately and expectedly paired with a sense of loss and that women are usually used as counters to these emotions. (p. 75) Fitzgerald’s vision of lost America is widely regarded as the same with Gatsby’s vision of Daisy. In the male mind, which is collectively those of Gatsby, Carraway and Fitzgerald’s, the impulse to wonder is instinctively associated with the image of woman, and the ensuing gambits of the romantic imagination are played out in female metaphors. What this means for us is that in the novel, Gatsby is the incarnation of the American visionary and his story is the chronicle of the quintessential â€Å"American dream† with Daisy herself as America, like the old island that flowered once for the Dutch sailor eyes - the freshest green breast of the new world. (Fitzgerald p. 140) She was the conscious and subconscious focus of Gatsby’s visions and actions. The â€Å"green light† in the novel further provided insight in this regard. At the end of Chapter I, Nick Carraway, lingered on the lawn for sometime, under the stars, and became aware that Gatsby was there, too: I decided to call on him†¦ But I didn’t†¦ for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone – he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, as far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Marketing Research - Essay Example The data gathered and interpreted during marketing research significantly supports the organizations draw out future plans according to the changing trends and scenario of the market. It is considerably helpful in enhancing the organizations’ volume of production and sales. â€Å"Marketing research† Zaidi & Javed opine, â€Å"concentrates on data collection related to market product while interacting with the consumers, gathering information from them and interpreting results about various aspects of a market product.† (Zaidi and Javed, 2002:7). A marketing research is usually conducted either to prove the validity of the previous study, already conducted either by some other researcher or the same researcher in some other area or time period, or to gather latest information related to discover the various aspects of a market commodity. â€Å"All employees must practice the marketing concept in their everyday corporate behavior for a firm to be able to say that it is applying the marketing concept for consumer orientation, goal orientation, systems orientation and market exchange process.† (Dr. Langford, B. E.). The rapid transformations in business environment have made significant impacts on marketing research. Business environment is defined as the cultural and structural characteristics of an organization, an industry, a company or a market. In other words, the term refers to the managerial activities, departmental interactions, individual and group tasks, strategy formulation, implementation and analysis, and interaction between different branches and sections etc. The upper management and board of executives determine, review and regulate the cultural and strategic environment of an organization. The business culture is based on the management techniques devised for this purpose. â€Å"The business environment of an organization includes rituals and routines, control systems, organizational structure, power

Benefits Of Audio-Visual Aids Lectures

Benefits Of Audio-Visual Aids Lectures Students’ perception on role of audio-visual aids used in didactic lectures Abstract: Background objectives: Medical teachers have conventionally been using different teaching methods to educate medical students. Nowadays audiovisual aids such as power point slides, animation videos are being used. The optimum use of audiovisual aids is essential for deriving their benefits. This study was done to know the students’ preferences regarding the various audiovisual aids, with an aim to improve their use in didactic lectures for better understanding of concepts in medical science. Methods: Cross sectional observational study was undertaken in 113 undergraduate medical students . A set of questionnaire was distributed and students were directed to choose the most appropriate option as per the Likert scale. The responses were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results: Out of 113 students,45.1% preferred use of combination of audiovisual aids during a didactic lecture.27.4% preferred animation videos,15.9% preferred PowerPoint slides 11.5% preferred use of blackboard. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that use of combination of audio-visual aids is the most preferred mode of teaching by the students. For better understanding of a subject and improvement of student’s performance, a teacher should match the lectures with preferred audiovisual aids and use them prudently. The subjects wanted animations to be incorporated frequently into medical education. Key Words: Animations, Audiovisual aids(AV),Blackboard, didactic lectures, Medical students, Powerpoint slides Introduction: Today we are living in the era of Information and communication technology. The power of technology has captured the minds of new generation and this influence could be seen in the field of medical education too. The technology for teaching students in this competitive scenario is the use of Audio-Visual aids in the form of power point presentations, animation videos, movies etc or can be the combination of both1. Lectures are the most traditional, old fashioned and didactic method of teaching which are meant for one way delivery of information and are especially useful when a large number of learners must be taught at one time. Well organized lecture remains one of the most effective ways to integrate and organize information from multiple sources on complex topics2.Lectures are often supported by audio-visual aids by emphasizing key points on the black board, the projection of written or printed matter on transparencies via an overhead projector(OHP) or increasingly nowadays via a computer based system, notably Microsoft power point(PP) animation videos3. The traditional chalk-talk methodology provides strong student-teacher interaction, but its effectiveness declines as the number of students in the class increases. Furthermore, maintenance of discipline and drawing attention gets hampered4.OHPs lack the ability to display moving images, have poor visibility and optical focus. Microsoft PP slides, accompanied with multimedia projectors, have remarkably revolutionized teaching. Texts as well as audiovisual clips can be easily played on PP slides. Animations refer to 3D video clips that can be played on a multimedia projector (MP). They provide a visual simulation that is particularly handy in sustaining interest and understanding complex medical concepts5. Students favour teaching methods employing audiovisual aids over traditional lectures using blackboard 3.However, the optimum use of audiovisual aids is essential for deriving their benefits6 . There is no conclusive study stating the superiority of one method over the other. Garg A et al. have observed that students want the teachers to include audiovisual aids during the lectures, but it is not certain whether it improves their understanding or performance in the examinations7. Baxi SN et al. have observed that there was marked improvement in examination results when PPT replaced the use of OHP 8. So there is a mixture of views based on the recent studies and it is not clear whether the use of a particular lecture delivery method is superior to others. Therefore, this study was undertaken to get the feedback from the medical students regarding their preferences in using newer modalities of teaching methods like animation videos, PowerPoint slides, and pre-recorded lectures along with blackboard teaching with available resources and progressively improve lecture delivery for their better understanding. Material methods: The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted with prior permission from the authorities and approval from ethical committee. A self administered questionnaire based on previous study4,6,16 was distributed to 130 students of 2nd 3rd year MBBS aged 18-22 years selected by random convenient sampling after obtaining their informed consent.The questionnaire was asked to complete anonymously.Participation was voluntary and dependent on subjects willingnes.The participants were asked not to reveal their names,registration number or any personal information so they can answer freely without any influence. Responses were taken from the students present in the class on the day of survey. Those who were absent or refused to participate were excluded from the study.113 students out of 130 who returned the filled questionnaire became the participants in the current study. The questionnaire consists of twenty questions designed in two parts, first part composed of information regarding schooling, HSC board HSC percentage of the participants. Second part contained questions related to the preferences and opinions for use of AV aids in lecture delivery, in which twelve attributes were measured, based on Likert’s scale of grading as strongly agree/Agree/ No opinion/ Disagree/ strongly disagree. The scores allotted in the aforementioned sequence are 5/4/3/2/1.The participants were encouraged to furnish their independent and unbiased opinion without revealing their identity in the questionnaire. The sum of the all students grading on each attribute was taken for calculating the final weighted score. The response was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for data entry and statistical significance was found by using Friedman ANOVA test. Results: Association between attributes and preference of AV-aids is depicted in (TABLE- 1).To analyze the best method of audio visual aid in use for independent attributes, ranking scale was adopted allotting the sequence in ascending order. It is evident that mean ranking for blackboard ,PPT prerecorded lectures were lower than that of animation videos for most of the attributes. On application of â€Å"Friedman test† a significant association was found (p Table 1: Association between attributes and preference of AV-aids Attributes Blackboard PP slides Animation videos Prerecorded lectures Combination Stat. Sig (Friedman’s test) Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Mean SD Median Lectures were well organized 2.99 .966 4.00 3.23 .798 4.00 3.93 .659 5.00 1.73 1.036 3.00 3.12 .891 4.00 P Contents were well informative 2.87 .992 4.00 3.38 .793 4.00 3.74 .566 4.00 2.06 1.036 3.00 2.96 .908 4.00 P Lectures clear understandable 3.43 .862 4.00 3.11 .833 4.00 3.64 .651 4.00 1.90 1.059 3.00 2.94 .932 4.00 P Clarity was good 2.83 .937 4.00 3.51 .958 4.00 3.41 .879 4.00 2.23 1.092 3.00 3.03 .936 4.00 P Well audible 3.20 .744 4.00 3.13 .908 4.00 3.31 .789 4.00 2.35 1.073 4.00 3.01 .926 4.00 P Stimulated interest 2.91 1.015 4.00 3.20 .983 4.00 3.63 .966 5.00 2.22 1.143 3.00 3.04 1.069 4.00 P Advanced understanding of topics 3.12 1.045 4.00 3.13 .966 4.00 3.44 .962 4.00 2.32 1.108 3.00 2.98 .671 4.00 P Delivery was interesting 2.86 .955 4.00 3.06 .958 4.00 3.52 .852 4.00 2.47 1.112 3.00 3.08 .642 4.00 P Able to take notes/diagrams 3.74 .967 4.00 3.36 1.136 4.00 2.50 1.123 3.00 2.28 1.145 3.00 3.12 1.126 4.00 P Effective in clearing concept remembrance 3.25 .50 4.00 3.00 .963 4.00 3.46 .973 4.00 2.36 1.157 3.00 2.94 .942 4.00 P Concentration/ attention span maintained 3.40 1.140 4.00 3.07 1.134 4.00 3.28 .946 4.00 2.32 1.175 3.00 2.93 .949 4.00 P Explanation/ summarization 3.21 .973 4.00 3.25 1.062 4.00 3.37 .869 4.00 2.27 1.126 3.00 2.89 .964 4.00 P Table 2: Preferred aid Preferred aid Total Animations blackboard Combination Ppt slides Gender Female Count 14 7 35 11 67 % within gender 20.9% 10.4% 52.2% 16.4% 100.0% % within Preferred aid 45.2% 53.8% 68.6% 61.1% 59.3% Male Count 17 6 16 7 46 % within gender 37.0% 13.0% 34.8% 15.2% 100.0% % within Preferred aid 54.8% 46.2% 31.4% 38.9% 40.7% Total Count 31 13 51 18 113 % 27.4% 11.5% 45.1% 15.9% 100.0% Discussion: The current study was conducted to get feedback from the medical students regarding their opinion on audiovisual aids used during didactic lectures using a Questionnaire. It is an obvious observation that gradually the use of electronic media has become more common in medical colleges over conservative teaching methods that utilized blackboards9. For centuries, a blackboard remained the mediator for displaying information in a persistent manner, and can give the audience a consistent view of far more information than can be held in short- term memory. Anderson R noted that blackboards encourage note-taking and student-teacher interaction10 which was also found in our study. Seth V et al. noted that by using blackboard taking down the simply-drawn diagrams is easy, the teacher makes natural pauses and power breaks do not interfere with the lecture4.Its limitation is that information-rich contents like complex tables, graphs and vivid images cannot be displayed and the orga nization of the presentation is poorer as compared to electronic slides5.He also noted that the majority of medical students preferred PPT presentations, while dental students preferred chalkboard. Baxi SN et al.8 observed that an equal number of students preferred blackboard-based or multimedia-based lectures and insisted to consider the need of using multimedia modalities to present lectures to students11. In our study it was revealed that the students preferred animation videos over Powerpoint presentations or blackboard. Majority of the students opined for the use of combination of audiovisual aids in didactic lectures for better understanding of concepts in medical science which correlates with the study done by Kaushik Bhowmick et al12.The training program in UG teaching uses a judicious mixture of didactic lectures with audiovisual aids and problem based learning methods, clinical teaching and practical experiments 6.Optimum use of audiovisual aid is essential for deriving their benefits6.Audio visual aids can be effectively used to show the photographs and the animated pictures related to the topics13.Animations, with their unique three-dimensional presentation, have been accredited with simultaneously being able to increase interest and motivation, to draw attention, to illustrate procedures and to explain how things work14 . Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that lecture delivered by using a combination of audio visual aids was most appreciated by the students. To understand complex concepts and to retain facts, the participants desired animations to be incorporated frequently into medical education as they are interesting it breaks the monotony of lecture.It motivates students to attend lectures as they are very curious to see or hear what the teacher is going to show them in the upcoming class, by seeing animated effects, colorful presentation and hearing recording they are able to concentrate more1. References: Arora A. Impact of Audiovisual aids on students at university level. Altius Shodh Journal of Management commerce.2013;ISSN 2348-8891. Richardson D. Don’t dump the didactic lecture; fix it. Adv Physiol Educ. 2008; 32(1): 23-24. Bennal A, Itagi V, Taklikar RH.Role of Audiovisual aids in physiology lecture. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy Pharmacology.2014;4(2):109-111. Seth V,Upadhyaya P,Ahmad M,Moghe V.PowerPoint or chalk and talk: perceptions of medical students versus dental students in a medical college in India. Adv Med Educ Pract 2010;(1):11-16. Naqvi SH,Mobasher F, Afzal MA,Muhammad U,Naeem A. Effectiveness of teaching methods in a medical institute: perceptions of medical students to teaching aids. JPMA.2013; 63: 859. Mohan L,Sankar P R, Kamath A, Manish M S, Eesha B R. Students attitudes towards the use of audio-visual aids during didactic lecture in pharmacology. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2010; (4): 3363-3368. Garg A, Rataboli PV, Muchandi K. Students opinion on the prevailing teaching methods in pharmacology and changes recommended. Indian J Pharmacol 2004; (36):155-8. Baxi SN, Shah CJ, Parmar RD, Parmar D, Tripathi CB. Students perception of different teaching aids in a medical college. African Journal of Health Professions Education. 2009; 1(1):15-16. Seth V, Upadhyaya P,Ahmad M,Kumar V. Impact of various lecture delivery methods in pharmacology. Excli journal 2010;(9):96-101. Anderson R. Beyond PowerPoint: building a new classroom presenter. Syllabus 2004; (17): 31-3. Lowry RB. Electronic presentation of lectures – effect upon student performance. University Chemistry Education. 1999; (8):18-21. Bhowmick K,Mukopadhyay M,Chakraborty S. Assessment of perception of first professional MBBS students in India about a teaching learning activity in Biochemistry. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education 2009;(3):8. Metcalfe DH, Mathura M. Students perception of good and bad teaching: a report of a critical incident study. Medical Education.1995;29(3): 193-197. Lowe R, Schnotz W (eds.). Learning with animation: research implications for design. UK: Cambridge University Press. 2008. Chavan SK,Chavan KD,Giri PA,Jogdand SS. Perceptions of Medical Students Regarding Use of Audio-visual Aids in Lecture Delivery.IOSR Journal of Research Method in Education .2014;(4):28-32. Kumar A,Singh R,Mohan L,Kumar M. Students views on audiovisual aids used during didactic lectures in a medical college. Asian Journal of Medical Science 2013;(4):36-40.