Peace Psychology

As oft cartridge clips as America has developed over the past hundred years, strength has grown to be a very critical part of todays fellowship domestic hysteria, workplace force play, civilize abandon, gang force and etc. The rate of fury is enormous and as sad as it is to say, it starts with the juvenility boorren in our society. baberen atomic number 18 ontogeny to be a very significant part of the high vehemence rates today. People may wonder where tikeren learn violence at such(prenominal) an too soon age, although many a(prenominal) of it is learned in your own house, or at school, the biggest source of tearing information is learned from the media.Childrens television such as cartoons who portray violence to be a positive act of recordtainment, or exposure games in which the main objective is to steal, kill and hurt others in order to advance by the game and even movies which pan out a long sequence of various acts of crime and violence. military unit i s ultimately everywhere, and it is hard to avoid, especi all toldy as a child in todays growing age, as hard as it is to avoid as a child, it is even harder to not imitate what is construen in the house, or on TV or in particular video games. Albert Bandura is famous psychologist who is most come for his social learning theory.Bandura believed that all behavior was learned through imitation quite a than genetic factors. He believed that social influence such as what is seen on TV, movies and videos games is primarily responsible for childrens growth and behavior. Albert Banduras (1961) famous Bobo Doll experiment is a prime example of how children lead indeed imitate what they see done by an elder person such as a role model. Selected kids who were chosen as participants for this study sat behind a window and watched as their p bents walked into a room and intentionally punched and kicked a bobo shuttlecock and harshly beat it.Then as the kids proceeded into the room with the b obo doll, they imitated their parents every move by kicking, punching and beating the bobo doll just like their parents just did minutes prior. Although this experiment has been debated for various reasons in the past, it is stable a very powerful and informative experiment that goes to show how vital it is for kids to be exposed to the proper material in order to keep them from disruptive behavior.Frequent exposure to uncultivated television shows and video games can really make believe a childs upbringing, it bulges to desensitize children as rise up as affect their moral using as they begin to believe that violence and crime are part of the norm, and these abominable acts wont deviate them from society. According to Funk, Buchman, Jenks and Bechtoldt (2003), The possibility that exposure to violent video games will result in desensitization and subsequent impairment of the processes involved in the moral evaluation of incursion and violence has not unless been studied.H owever, violent video games condone, promote, and justify the use of violence while concealing realistic consequences. When playing a violent video game, the player first observes repeated demonstrations of violent actions. To succeed, the player must then send and select the violent strategies built in by the game designers. Choosing not to apply the authorized violent tactics results in defeat or obliteration. Players who prudently choose violent strategies experience cycles of practice mate with positive reinforcement for their astute decisions.In violent video games, violence is acceptable because it is not real therefore, victims do not really suffer (2003, P. 416). Although their hasnt been sufficient studies done on the direct desensitization of video games and TV on children, it still has a profound collision on children as they are positively reinforced consistently for the violent acts in video games and as an affect of doing so, it begins to take a cost on their moral development seeing in which they are existence rewarded for their immoral acts. Desensitization to violence involves changes in both emotional and cognitive responsivity. Changes in emotional responsivity are seen in the blunting or absence of emotional reactions to violent events, which would commonly elicit a strong response. Cognitive changes are demonstrated when the popular view that violence is uncommon and unlikely is transformed to the belief that violence is mundane and inevitable.Empathy and attitudes towards violence are regions of the process of moral evaluation that may reflect both emotional and cognitive desensitization, with empathy decreasing and proviolence attitudes being strengthened (Funk, Buchman, Jenks and Bechtoldt, 2003, P. 416-417). As kids bring about desensitized to violence, their emotional and cognitive responses fashion altered. In a violent state of affairs where a child would normally be threatened by whats going on, when a childs emotional e sponsivity is altered, they will react differently to a violent situation and wont be as threatened or feared by whats going on. When an innocent bystander has a hired gun pulled on them, it will elicit a strong response of fear and terror, a child who has become desensitized to violence and has been emotionally altered, they wont be as prostrate to eliciting that same response hardly would rather be much to a greater extent calm and collective in the same situation. A child who has become cognitively altered will expect violence and when it occurs, wont be as threatened by it.In the same situation when a innocent bystander has a gun pulled on them, they will be shocked and terrified because they would relieve oneself never expected for such a act of violence and crime to occur, but in the same situation with a cognitively altered child who has become cognitively desensitized, they wont be as shocked by it because they expected it and believed it would happen and that it is commo n. seemly desensitized at an early age can have a very negative effect on children as they begin to age, they will see crime and violence as an acceptable cause rather than an immoral act of indecency.Video games have become a very powerful representation of crime and violence to four-year-old children all over the world. The acceptance of these immoral acts in these video games have altered the representations of these acts in many childrens minds, before where they may have been seen as negative, may now be seen as positive. According to Funk, Buchman, Jenks and Bechtoldt (2003), Exposure to violence in video games may influence the development of proviolence attitudes because, in such games, violence is not only justified and rewarded, it is presented as fun.In contemporary violent video games violence is at the same time both realistic and unreal, negating the suffering of victims. Playing violent video games encourages fantasizing about aggression and cognitive rehearsal of a ggressive acts this may not only strengthen proviolence attitudes but also, through cognitive priming, increase the accessibility of aggressive behaviors in real life (Eron, 2001) (2003, P. 418).If children begin to believe that violence and felon activities are fun and exciting and worthwhile, they will me much more prone to doing these acts and olfactory perceptioning more homy while performing and or being around these immoral acts. Many people dont understand how powerful the media just is, parents put their children in front of the TV screen and believe that as long as they are preoccupied they will be ok, but they regret to realize how much of an impact television and especially the media can have on children, Media is the most ubiquitous source of violence encountered by the majority of children (Groves 1997, p. 72). Media violence is everywhere for children to view, in books, video games, magazines, newspapers, school, television, from friends and even from family, violen ce is ultimately everywhere, and children are exposed to it today then they have ever been before. According to Erwin and Morton, Young children and their families dont have to leave their foots to witness violence it is brought directly into their homes on a daily basis.Before young children even enter kindergarten they are exposed to over 4,000 h of television viewing (American Psychological acquaintance 2005) and by the time they leave elementary school children will have witnessed 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence on just television totally (Levin 1998). Nearly 1,000 childrens television programs were analyzed in Britain and results revealed that 39% contained violence including 4,000 violent acts involving shootings and other forms of physiological assault (Gunter and Harrison 1997).In a study examining violence in over 2,700 television programs across 23 bring of broadcast networks, public broadcasting, and cable, Wilson et al. (2002) found that nearly 7 out of 1 0 childrens shows contain around type of physical aggression and that, within a typical 1 h childrens program, a child is likely to witness one violent act every 4 min. In comparisons amid childrens and other types of television programming, the study authors concluded that violence is more prevalent and concentrated in programs specifically targeted to viewers under age 13 (p. 7). The amount of violence in shows specifically aimed at young children is inexcusable. Incredibly, the average American child conks approximately 1,023 h per year watching television which is great than the 900 h children spend in school each year ( subject area Center for Children Exposed to Violence 2003) (2008, P. 105). These add up are enormous considering the time children spend watching TV is greater than the amount of time children spend in the classroom.Although the classroom is meant for learning, the media has become a very powerful source of information itself and has become a strong means o f learning for many children today. According to reports by the Surgeon Generals scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, which was created in 1969, as well as the topic Institute of Mental Health, the three primary effects of media violence on children are (a) reduced sensitivity to the pain and anguish of others, (b) increase fearfulness, and (c) greater aggressive or violent behavior toward others (American Psychological Association 2005).In addition, The American Psychological Association (2005) maintained that existing research suggests that exposure to violence in the media leads to increased acceptance of aggressive attitudes and behavior in children (Erwin and Morton, 2008, P. 107). The three primary effects by the media are all critical components in violent criminals that exist today, reduced sensitivity to the pain and anguish of others helps criminals do immoral acts without feeling any sympathy for the people they are doing it to.Increased fearf ulness makes them more aggressive people who feel confident corrupting the lives of others, and finally greater aggressive or violent behavior which is the vital component of being a violent criminal. Research suggested that television violence does increase childrens real-life aggressive behavior, beliefs, and attitudes (Boyatzis and Matillo 1995 non-Jew et al. 2003 Paik and Comstock 1994 Wood et al. 1991). In a 15-year longitudinal study, Huesmann et al. (2003) found that exposure to media violence in childhood is not only associated with aggressive behavior, but is also a predictor of violent behavior.There is also a greater tolerance for aggression in others when children are exposed to television violence (Molitor and Hirsch 1994). In addition to researchers, early childhood advocates argue that witnessing media violence can have a negative impact on childrens perceptions of worldly concern. Children under the age of eight are not prepared for or developmentally capable of c risp reality from fantasy or understanding the subtleties in communication, action or motivation (NAEYC 1994).Because children are still developing emotionally and cognitively they are likely to imitate what they see on television without distinguishing reality from fantasy thus becoming more indifferent and less empathetic about aggression in the real world (Groves 1997 Kirsh 2005). Re-enacting in play what is seen in the real world is how children begin to make sense datum of the world around them. Imaginative play, which is a necessary and vital part of early childhood learning, is negatively impacted as the result of frequent exposure to violence in the media (NAEYC 1994). Media violence also demonstrates to young children that aggression is an cceptable and viable option for solving problems, abuses of power are necessary in interpersonal relationships, and a distorted appeal of war (Carlsson-Paige and Levin 1988) (Erwin and Morton, 2008, P. 107). This current research goes to prove how critical and important it is for parents to realize the impact the media can have on their children. The more children are exposed to the crime and violence that occurs in the media, the more aggressive and violent they become, it has a significant effect on their moral development as well as their tolerance for violence crime.It also explains how children imitate what they see on TV and as they begin to believe that violence and crime are socially accepted by the media, they will me more prone to committing acts of violence and or crime. Ultimately the media has a very influential impact on young children, and if parents do not become more aware of this, our youth will continue to grow into to a violent and criminally fulfilled society. References American Psychology Association. (2005). Violence in the mediaPsychologists help protect children from harmful effects. Retrieved April 4, 2005, from APA Online ttp//ww. psychologymatters. org/mediaviolence. html. Bandura, A. , Ross, D. , & Ross, S. A. (1961). transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. 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